I. Yu. Podkovyrov, A. P. Glinushkin, L. L. Sviridova
All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, ul. Institut, vl. 5, r.p. Bol’shie Vyazemy, Odintsovskii r-n, Moskovskaya obl.,143050, Russian Federation
Abstract. The studies determined the effect of protective forest plantations with different species compositions on the spread of mycoses in winter wheat crops. Field experiments were carried out in 2015–2018 on crops of winter wheat in the zone of chestnut soils. The spread of mycoses pathogens was recorded according to generally accepted methods. According to the results of field experiments conducted in the Volgograd, Rostov, and Astrakhan regions, as well as in the Republic of Kalmykia, the spread of pathogens of powdery mildew and root rot in crops near protective forest plantations consisting of Robinia pseudoacacia L., Fraxinus lanceoliata L., Querqus robur L. was higher than next to elm plantations by 26.97–40.67%. The presence of elm species (Ulmus pumila L., U. carpinifolia Rupp. Ex Suchow, U. laevis Pall.) in the protective plantations reduced the spread of mycoses 5–6 times, in comparison with forest plantations consisting of other tree species. The progress of root rot in the experimental plots under the protection of elm plantations did not exceed 12.8–13.5%. This may be due to the formation of a specific microclimate in the protected area, depending on the influence of tree species that make up the plantations. We established close relationships between the spread of root rot in crops and the wind speed (r = 0.51–0.73), as well as with air temperature (r = 0.85–0.98). The biological efficiency of Ulmus pumila L. in the control mycoses of winter wheat was 78.8–86.7%. At the same time, the crop yield increased by 9.8–20.6%. The use of elm species as part of protective forest plantations made it possible to improve the phytosanitary state of grain crops and to increase their yield.
Keywords: elm (Ulmus L.); oak (Querqus L.); robinia (Robinia L.); wheat (Triticum L.); wheat powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis); root rot; spread of diseases; protective forest plantations; biological efficiency.
Author Details: I. Yu. Podkovyrov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), head of research center (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A. P. Glinushkin, D. Sc. (Agr.), Corresponding member of the RAS, director; L. L. Sviridova, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), research fellow.
For citation: Podkovyrov IYu, Glinushkin AP, Sviridova LL. [Possibility of using Ulmus L. to reduce the harmfulness of wheat diseases under dry conditions]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2021;35(1):26-30. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2021-10105.