M. M. Sabitov
Ulyanovsk Agricultural Research Institute, branch of the Samara Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Institutskaya, 19, pos. Timiryazevskoe, Ul’yanovskii r-n, Ul’yanovskaya obl., 433315, Russian Federation
Abstract. The purpose of the study was to assess the effectiveness of agricultural technologies, ensuring the formation of stable yields of winter and spring grain crops at the lowest cost in grain-fallow crop rotation. The work was performed in the Ulyanovsk region in a stationary field experiment in 2010–2015. The soil of the experimental plot was leached medium-thick chernozem. The content of humus in the arable layer was 6.35%; the content of mobile phosphorus and potassium (according to Chirikov) was 225 mg/kg and 119 mg/kg, respectively; the reaction of the soil medium was neutral (pH(salt) was 6.8); the sum of absorbed bases was 48.6 mg-eq/100 g of soil. The design of the experiment provided for the study of options of using agricultural technologies for grain crops in crop rotation. The technologies differed in the primary tillage with the background application of mineral fertilizers and plant protection products. Conventional technology in crop rotation implied the use of moldboard tillage with ploughing at various depths. Resource-saving technology included nonmoldboard, soil-protecting, and flat-cut tillage. The differentiated technology included ridge and surface tillage, as well as ploughing. The yield of winter wheat cultivated using conventional and resource-saving technologies was practically the same; the yield of winter wheat cultivated using differentiated technology was lower by 0.12–0.14 t/ha. The largest harvest of spring wheat grain was obtained with a differentiated technology – 3.14 t/ha without significant differences with other tillage methods. The yield of barley cultivated using various agricultural technologies varied from 2.66 t/ha to 2.76 t/ha without a significant difference between the options. The developed resource-saving and differentiated agricultural technologies allowed preserving soil fertility, reducing costs by 7.0–7.9%, reducing the cost of agricultural products by 8.2–11.4%, and increasing labour productivity and profitability of grain production in winter and spring crops by 50–97%.
Keywords: grain-fallow crop rotation; conventional, resource-saving, differentiated agricultural technology; productivity; efficiency.
Author Details: M. M. Sabitov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), head of division (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Sabitov MM [Economic efficiency of technologies for cultivation of crops in grain-fallow crop rotation]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2021;35(2):13-8. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2021-10202.