R. A. Khakimov, S. A. Nikiforova, N. V. Khakimova
Samara Federal Research Scientific Center RAS, Ulyanovsk Scientific Research Agriculture Institute, ul. Institutskaya, 19, pos. Timiryazevskoe, Ul’yanovskii r-n, Ul’yanovskaya obl., 433315, Russian Federation
Abstract. The experiment was conducted in 2017–2020 in the Middle Volga region. The purpose was to evaluate the effectiveness of using starting doses of complex fertilizers, methods and terms of the additional application of nitrogen fertilizers for winter wheat cv. Marathon when cultivated after seeded fallow (pea). A two-factor field experiment was conducted on leached heavy loamy chernozem (humus content was 6.4–6.5%) according to a design including three starting doses of fertilizers and 6 additional nitrogen fertilization during the growing season. The starting doses were N0P0K0; N32.5P32.5K32.5; N45.5P45.5K45.5. The doses of additional fertilizing were N0, N34 in the late autumn; N34 in the spring by a seeder; N34 in the spring in the phase of thawed frozen soil; N34 in the spring in the phase of thawed frozen soil + N34 in the stem elongation phase; N34 in the spring in the phase of thawed frozen soil + N34 in the stem elongation phase + N15 in the heading phase. Two agricultural years (2017/18 and 2019/20) were favourable for crop cultivation; the conditions of 2018/19 were unfavourable. The field germination rate depended on the moisture supply conditions of the year. On average over the experiment, it varied from 67% in 2018/19 to 80% in 2017/18. The highest yield was obtained in the options with the pre-sowing application of complete mineral fertilizer at the dose of 45.5 kg/ha and fractional application of 34 kg/ha of ammonium nitrate in the spring in the phase of thawed frozen soil and the stem elongation phase, both separately and with top dressing in the earing phase at the dose of 15 kg/ha. The yield in these options was 4.14 t/ha and 4.38 t/ha (compared to 2.5 t/ha in the control). In these options, the grain was characterized by the best quality indicators (the content of crude gluten was 29.7–30.0%, the content of crude protein was 13.0%). These values were the least in the control (27.6% and 12.4%, respectively). Single nitrogen fertilization in the phase of thawed frozen soil turned out to be more economically efficient (profitability was 90.4% at the prime cost of 5,250 rubles/t).
Keywords: winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); seeded fallow; complex fertilizers; terms of application and doses of nitrogen fertilizers; productivity; grain quality.
Author Details: R. A. Khakimov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); S. A. Nikiforova, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow; N. V. Khakimova, research fellow.
For citation: Khakimov RA, Nikiforova SA, Khakimova NV. [Formation of winter wheat yield after seeded fallow, depending on the level of mineral nutrition]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2021;35(2):33-40. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2021-10205.