Ya. Z. Kaipov, Z. R. Sultangazin, R. L. Akchurin
Bashkiria Research Agricultural Institute, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. R. Zorge, 19, Ufa, 450059, Russian Federation
Abstract. The purpose of this research was to study the schemes of short field crop rotations, the productivity of which during the transition to direct sowing technologies increases or remains the same. The studies were conducted in the steppe zone of the eastern foothills of the Southern Urals within the Republic of Bashkortostan. The experimental design involved the study of the following options for grain crop rotations: grain-fallow with bare fallow, grain-fallow with chemical fallow, grain-fallow with green manure fallow, grain with rape and pea. In the first crop rotation, crops were cultivated using conventional technologies; in the rest options, they were cultivated using direct sowing. The soil was ordinary heavy loamy chernozem. The years of the study (2013–2015) were dry with total precipitation of 53–84% of the normal one. The average for the growing season reserves of productive moisture in a meter layer of soil in all crop rotations were approximately the same (60–62 mm). An advantage of 9 mm was noted in the crop rotation with chemical fallow. The infestation of crops with direct sowing was 0.4 pcs/m2 that was two times lower than when using conventional technology. Crop rotations did not differ in terms of the content of nitrate nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, and potassium in the topsoil. The highest average productivity in the experiment was noted after chemical fallow and direct sowing of crops – 1.40 thousand cereal units/ha, which was 0.18 thousand higher than the productivity of crop rotation after bare fallow and conventional tillage. After green manure fallow, as well as after rapeseed and pea, it was higher than after bare fallow by 0.13 thousand cereal units and 0.08 thousand cereal units, respectively. The greatest economic efficiency was noted in crop rotations with rape and pea, as well as with chemical fallow and direct sowing of crops. To switch to direct sowing technologies, it is necessary to master four-field grain-fallow crop rotations with chemical fallow and non-fallow grain crop rotations with crop succession.
Keywords: steppe zone; ordinary chernozem; crop rotation; direct sowing technology.
Author Details: Ya. Z. Kaipov, D. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); Z. R. Sultangazin, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), research fellow; R. L. Akchurin, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), head of division.
For citation: Kaipov YaZ, Sultangazin ZR, Akchurin RL [Productivity of short field crop rotations during the transition to direct sowing technologies in the steppes of the eastern foothills of the Southern Urals]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2021;35(2):41-6. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2021-10206.