L. M. Kozlova1, A. K. Svechnikov2
1Rudnitsky Federal Agrarin Scientific Center of the North-East, ul. Lenina, 166a, Kirov, 610007, Russian Federation
2Mariyskiy Agricultural Research Institute – branch of Rudnitsky Federal Agrarin Scientific Center of the North-East, ul. Pobedy, 10, pos. Ruem, Medvedevsky r-n, Republica of Mari El, 425231, Russian Federation
Abstract. The studies assessed the productivity of forage crops in agrophytocenosis from legume-cereal grass mixtures with different cultivation durations. The work was performed in 2013–2018 in the Republic of Mari El. We compared three six-field grass-grain crop rotations (the third rotation) with different saturations with perennial grasses (clover + alfalfa + timothy grass), as well as permanent sowing of galega-brome grass mixture (12–18 years old). One field in crop rotations was occupied by barley for grain. After early harvested crops (vetch + oats and winter rye for green fodder), mustard was sown by post-cutting; then it was mowed for green mass. Extension of the period of using perennial grasses in crop rotations from one year to three years under unfavourable meteorological conditions did not contribute to an increase in the yield of green mass of grasses and barley grain. A strong correlation was found between the yield of green mass of clover-alfalfa-timothy and vetch-oat mixtures of the first and second harvests with a hydrothermal coefficient, the value of which, depending on the crop, ranged from 0.8 to 2.3. The yield of aboveground biomass during long-term permanent cultivation of the galega-brome grass mixture was higher than in the studied crop rotations (excluding the barley grain products) by 10.3–37.1%. The first hay harvest and the yield of the total aboveground biomass, as well as the yield of grain was significantly (the average increase was equal to 13.3%, 6.0%, and 26.5%, respectively) influenced by the application of mineral fertilizers. The harvesting of barley grain reached the highest values in the experiment (3.39–3.92 t/ha) when applying N60 in options with one- and two-year cultivation of clover-alfalfa-timothy grass mixture. A strong positive relationship was noted between the humus content in the soil and the productivity of forage crops.
Keywords: legume-cereal mixtures; crop rotation; moisture supply; green mass; vetch; oats; clover; alfalfa; timothy grass; rye.
Author Details: L. M. Kozlova, D. Sc. (Agr.), head of division (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A. K. Svechnikov, research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Kozlova LM, Svechnikov AK [Influence of long-term use of fodder legume-cereal mixtures on crop yield in agrophytocenosis]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2021;35(3):15-22. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2021-10303.