Yu. I. Mitrofanov, L. V. Pugacheva, N. A. Smirnova
Federal Research Centre Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, Pyzhevskii per., 7, str. 2b, Moskva, 119017, Russian Federation
Abstract. The research was carried out to study the effectiveness of spring-summer coverless crops of winter rye and joint methods of sowing this crop with spring wheat in the crop rotation link. We performed two series (after oats and after potato) of experiments in 2017–2020 in the Tver region on sod-podzolic light loamy soil drained by closed drainage (humus content was 1.8–2.4%). The experimental design provided for the sowing of winter rye by band-broadcast and ordinary row methods after spring rape (for green manure), spring wheat, spring-summer coverless sowing, as well as joint sowing of spring wheat and winter rye. With the studied cultivation methods, winter rye formed practically the same (3.12–3.13 t/ha) yields as with the generally accepted technology (3.28 t/ha). The best results in the experiments with the joint cultivation of spring wheat and winter rye were achieved with the comb method of sowing. In the case of row sowing, the yield of wheat grain, in comparison with comb sowing, was less by 1.33 t/ha; the yield of winter rye was less by 0.63 t/ha. In single-species crops, the yield of spring wheat, in comparison with joint sowing, decreased by 0.27–0.51 t/ha; the yield of winter rye decreased by 0.18–0.49 t/ha. Spring-summer sowing of rye, with an equal yield with conventional technology, allowed reducing the total cost of growing crops from 38.0–41.0 thousand rubles to 31.0 thousand rubles. The maximum grain yield from 1 hectare of the crop rotation link was observed with the joint sowing of spring wheat and winter rye. In the first series of experiments (after oats) it was 6.82 t/ha; in the second series (after potato) it was 8.50 t/ha. Compared with single-species crops, grain yield increased by 0.45 t/ha and 1.00 t/ha, respectively (by 7.1% and 13.3%); in comparison with the crop rotation link with green manure fallow, it increased by 3.54 t/ha and 5.56 t/ha, or 2.1 and 2.9 times, respectively. With row sowing, joint cultivation of crops was ineffective.
Keywords: winter rye (Secale cereale L.); spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); green manure fallow; spring-summer sowing; joint sowing; comb band-broadcast sowing; yield; yield structure.
Author Details: Yu. I. Mitrofanov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow; (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); L. V. Pugacheva, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow; N. A. Smirnova, process engineer.
For citation: Mitrofanov Yu. I., Pugacheva L. V., Smirnova N. A. [Joint sowing of winter rye and spring wheat on drained land]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2021; 35 (6):33-8. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2021-10606.