Phytosanitary monitoring and control of spring wheat phytopathogens

E. Yu. Toropova^1,2, I. G. Vorob’eva³, G. Ya. Stetsov^4,5, O. A. Kazakova^1,2, A. A. Kirichenko^1
1Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, ul. Dobrolyubova, 160, Novosibirsk, 630039, Russian Federation
²All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, ul. Institut, vl. 5, r.p. Bol’shie Vyazemy, Odintsovskii r-n, Moskovskaya obl.,143050, Russian Federation
³Central Siberian Botanical garden SB RAS, ul. Zolotodolinskaya, 101, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
⁴Federal Altai Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnologies, Nauchnyi gorodok, 35, Barnaul, 656910, Russian Federation
⁵Altay State University, prospect Lenina, 61, Barnaul, 656049, Russian Federation

Abstract. The studies were conducted in 2013–2021 in agrocenoses of the forest-steppe of Siberia. The purpose was to substantiate the methods and timing of monitoring of phytopathogens of different ecological groups to improve the efficiency of spring wheat protection. To account for phytopathogens, we used approved and author’s methods. Spring wheat phytopathogens were divided into four ecological (epiphytothiological) groups – leaf-stem, root-tuberous, seed, and transmissive – confined to certain periods of spring wheat vegetation. The species composition of phytopathogens in seed lots of spring wheat changed over the years of the study, which required adjustment of plant protection systems. The rate of infection of the crop’s seeds with the Fusarium fungi today reaches 70%; the rate of infection of the crop’s seeds with the causative agent of Septoria disease Parastagonospora nodorum reaches 35%; the rate of infection of the crop’s seeds with the ordinary root rot Bipolaris sorokiniana reaches 42%. Smut fungi were found in small quantities on 80% of seed lots of spring wheat. Monitoring of the development of soil infections of the crop requires determining the phytosanitary state of the soil before sowing, identifying the organ damage of plants during the growing season with the specification of the species composition of pathogens. The biological threshold of harmfulness for most soil species can be determined by their number in virgin analogous soils. From soil phytopathogens, spring wheat can be protected by phytosanitary crop rotations and an increase in soil suppression through the targeted application of organic and mineral fertilizers. Leaf-stem infections should be monitored frequently during the susceptible plant phase and used for the short-term prognosis of epiphytoties. Operational protective measures are effective at the first signs of infections and favourable scenarios for phytopathogen development. When applying a complex of agrotechnical methods against leaf-stem phytopathogens, it should be borne in mind that their response to agrotechnical methods depends on the type of nutrition.

Keywords: spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); monitoring; phytopathogen; septoria blight; brown rust; root rot; soil suppression; seed phytoexamination.

Author Details: E. Yu. Toropova, D. Sc. (Biol.), head of laboratory (е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); I. G. Vorob’eva, D. Sc. (Biol.), leading research fellow; G. Ya. Stetsov, D. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow, prof.; O. A. Kazakova, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), assoc. prof.; A. A. Kirichenko, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), assoc. prof.

For citation: Toropova EYu, Vorob’eva IG, Stetsov GYa, et al. [Phytosanitary monitoring and control of spring wheat phytopathogens]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2021;35(6):25-32. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2021-10605.