Evaluation of the modifying effect of cultivation factors on the level of polymorphism during the propagation of fruit and berry crops in vitro

D. G. Shornikov¹, O. V. Matushkina¹, I. N. Pronina¹, I. N. Shamshin², A. S. Lyzhin¹, S. A. Matushkin¹, L. V. Kruzhkova^1
1I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center, ul. Michurina, 30, Michurinsk, Tambovskaya obl., 393774, Russian Federation
²Michurinsk State Agrarian University, ul. Internatsional'naya, 101, Michurinsk, Tambovskaya obl., 393760, Russian Federation

Abstract. The paper aimed to assess the modifying effect of nutrient medium and cultivation conditions on the genome of microplants of fruit and berry crops. As biological objects of the study, we used lines of apple clonal rootstocks 54-118 and 62-396 cultivated in vitro for 1, 3, 6, and 10 years, as well as callus tissues and microshoots obtained by the method of adventive organogenesis and by the method of regeneration from apical meristems; lines, and callus tissues of PG-12 pear clonal rootstock cultivated in vitro for 4, 10, and 18 years; and lines of raspberry varieties Yarkaya and Oranzhevoye Chudo, cultivated in vitro for 1, 2, and 3 years. Genetic polymorphism of microplants cultivated in vitro was analyzed using eight microsatellite markers CH03d07, CH03d01, CH03d08, CH02c02b (apple and pear), RhM001, RhM011, RiM015, and RiM019 (raspberry). For 54-118 clonal rootstock of apple tree, we identified nine fragments, three of which (33.3%) turned out to be polymorphic. The largest number of polymorphic fragments was observed for CH03d07 locus (four fragments). For 62-396 clonal rootstock of apple tree, we identified 14 fragments at the four studied loci; four fragments were polymorphic (28.6%). The largest number of polymorphic fragments was noted for CH03d08 locus (four fragments). For PG-12 pear clonal rootstock, the total number of fragments at the studied loci was 11, including three polymorphic fragments (27.3%). For raspberry varieties Oranzhevoye Chudo and Yarkaya, we identified 10 fragments. At the same time, we did not identify any unique fragments. The results of the analysis of SSR loci in fruit and berry plants indicated a high level of genetic stability during in vitro cultivation, regardless of the reproduction model used and the cultivation time.

Keywords: biotechnology; clonal micropropagation; in vitro; genetic polymorphism; DNA markers.

Author Details: D. G. Shornikov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), head of division (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); O. V. Matushkina, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow; I. N. Pronina, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow; I. N. Shamshin, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), head of laboratory; A. S. Lyzhin, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow; S. A. Matushkin, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), junior research fellow; L. V. Kruzhkova, junior research fellow.

For citation: Shornikov DG, Matushkina OV, Pronina IN, et al. [Evaluation of the modifying effect of cultivation factors on the level of polymorphism during the propagation of fruit and berry crops in vitro]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2021;35(7):17-22. Russian. doi: 10.53859/02352451_2021_35_7_17.