A. M. Kochkina, N. Ya. Kashirskaya
Michurin Federal Scientific Center, ul. Michurina, 30, Michurinsk, Tambovskaya obl., 393774, Russian Federation
Abstract. The work optimized the system for the protection of apple plantations from scab and codling moth. The experimental design provided for the following options: without treatment (control), experimental protection system (highly effective preparations with various modes of action and insecticides made in Russia), economic protection system (the use of fungicides during critical periods of scab damage). The work was performed in production plantations set in 2008 in the Tambov region in 2019–2020. The study objects were apple plants of Lobo and Bogatyr varieties differing in their resistance to scab (medium-resistant and resistant) on the 54-118 rootstock. In the control option, the leaves and fruits of Bogatyr variety were affected by scab by up to 26.5% and 6.6%, respectively; the leaves and fruits of Lobo variety were affected by scab by up to 28.7% and 9.3%, respectively. Under the experimental protection system the leaves and fruits of the varieties were affected by scab by up to 3.1% and 0.6%, respectively, and 3.7% and 1.0%, respectively; under the economic protection system the leaves and fruits of the varieties were affected by scab by up to 4.1% and 0.8%, respectively, and 5.6% and 1.9%, respectively. The biological efficiency for the leaves and fruits of both varieties under the experimental system was higher than under the economic system by 2.2–9.6%. Under optimal conditions for the apple moth (2019), the affection of fruits of both varieties reached 14.0–20.2%; in 2020 it was 2–6 times lower. The affection of fruits of Bogatyr variety by the apple moth under the experimental protection system was 0.3–1.6%; for Lobo variety, this indicator was 0.2–1.4%; under the economic protection system the indicators were 0.5–2.3% and 0.4–2.7% respectively. For Bogatyr variety, the biological efficiency against the pest of the first generation under the experimental system was higher, compared with the economic protection system, by 5.8% and 3.7%; for Lobo variety, it was higher by 10.0% and 8.0%, respectively in the years of the study. The differences in the values of this indicator for the second generation were lower: for Bogatyr variety, they were 1.6% and 4.0%, respectively; for Lobo variety, they were 3.0% and 4.7%, respectively. Productivity under the experimental protection system was 29.0–41.0 kg/tree; under the economic protection system, this indicator was 27.5–38.5 kg/tree.
Keywords: apple tree; weather conditions; development of scab on leaves and fruits (causative agent Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint.); apple moth – Cydia pomonella (L.); protection systems; biological effectiveness.
Author Details: A. M. Kochkina, Сand. Sc. (Agr.), research fellow; N. Ya. Kashirskaya, D. Sc. (Agr.), head of laboratory (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Kochkina AM, Kashirskaya NYa. [Biological efficiency of protection systems for apple tree plantations against scab and apple moth]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2021;35(7):45-9. Russian. doi: 10.53859/02352451_2021_35_7_45.