T. B. Kastalyeva, D. Z. Bogoutdinov, N. V. Girsova
All Russian Research institute of Phytopathology, ul. Institut, vl. 5, r.p. Bol’shie Vyazemy, Odintsovskii r-n, Moskovskaya obl.,143050, Russian Federation
Abstract. Phytoplasma diseases can infect all major food crops that must ensure the food independence of our country. Given the fact that the average annual temperature has increased dramatically on a global scale, there is reason to expect an increase in the harmfulness of phytoplasma diseases in the coming years. The study aimed to identify strategically important food crops affected by phytoplasmas in the Russian Federation and to determine the taxonomic affiliation of pathogens. Samples with symptoms of phytoplasma infection were collected during the 2007–2021 growing seasons. The presence of the pathogen was determined using nested PCR. Phytoplasmas were identified using RFLP analysis. Phytoplasma belonging to the aster yellows group (subgroup 16Srl-C) was identified in winter wheat cv. Povolzhsky 86, spring barley cv. Volgar and winter wheat cv. Yuka. Winter wheat cv. Bazis was infected with phytoplasma of the 16SrIX group. Potato infection with phytoplasmas belonging to a total of five groups and eight subgroups (16SrI-B, 16SrI-C, 16SrI-P, 16SrII-A, 16SrIII-B, 16SrVI-A, 16SrVI-C, 16SrXII-A) was found in eight economic regions. On oilseeds, phytoplasma of the 16SrVI-A subgroup was found in rapeseed from the Novosibirsk region. Sugar beet from the Belgorod region was infected with phytoplasma of the 16SrI group, while the sugar beet from the Voronezh region with phytoplasma of the stolbur group (16SrXII-A). In vegetable crops (carrot, tomato, pepper, eggplant), including melons (pumpkin, melon), phytoplasmas of four groups were found: 16SrI, 16SrIII, 16SrVI-A, 16SrXII-A. Fruit and stone fruit trees (apple, pear, cherry, plum), in addition to phytoplasmas 16SrI and 16SrXII-A common on other crops, were infected with phytoplasma of the apple proliferation group ‒ 16SrX. On small fruit crops (strawberry, blackcurrant, raspberry), phytoplasmas of three groups/subgroups (16SrI-B, 16SrIII-B, 16SrVI-A) were found. Grapes were infected with stolbur phytoplasma. Considering the wide spread of phytoplasma diseases in the Russian Federation, it is necessary to expand the testing of crop products for the presence of phytoplasma infection.
Keywords: phytoplasmas; food crops; potato; cereals; vegetable crops; fruit crops; stone fruit crops; small fruit crops; grape.
Author Details: T. B. Kastalyeva, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); D. Z. Bogoutdinov, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), research fellow; N. V. Girsova, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), senior research fellow.
For citation: Kastalyeva TB, Bogoutdinov DZ, Girsova NV. [Danger of phytoplasma diseases for crops that determine the food independence of the country] Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2022;36(2):14-9. Russian. doi: 10.53859/02352451_2022_36_2_14.