K. N. Biryukov, A. I. Grabovets, A. V. Krokhmal’, O. V. Biryukova, I. V. Lyashkov
Federal Rostov Agrarian Scientific Center, ul. Institutskaya, 1, pos. Rassvet, Aksaiskii r-n, Rostovskaya obl., 346735, Russian Federation
Abstract. The research determined the formation features of the yield of winter triticale grain depending on the sowing time under the soil and climatic conditions of the northwestern zone of Rostov region. The work was carried out on the moderately thick southern carbonate chernozem in 2011–2021. The material for the study were varieties and lines of winter triticale of domestic breeding. In total, 134 samples were studied over the years of research. The experimental design included five sowing dates: 25 August, 5 September, 15 September, 25 September and 5 October. The forecrop was bare fallow, the seeding rate was 4 million germinating seeds per 1 ha at all sowing dates. On average, the most favourable regime for the winter triticale plants development was formed in the case of sowing on 5–15 September, when the sum of effective temperatures was at the level of 551–735 C. The rates of autumn development were the most significant under sowing on the period from 25 August to 15 September. The plants formed on an average of 3.8–7.0 stems, their height reached 16.9–22.7 cm, the biomass of 10 plants was 24.6–60.9 g. Sowing winter triticale in the period from 25 August to 15 September contributed to the formation of maximum productivity in the experiment. The average variety yield was 6.77 t/ha of grain. Sowing on 25 September was accompanied by a productivity decrease, compared to two previous dates, by 0.91 t/ha. With the sowing date of October 5, the yield decreased by 1.70 t/ha. With the early and optimal sowing time, the amount of protein in the triticale grain was 12.0–12.7%, with the acceptable and late sowing time – 13.0–13.8%. The starch content, on the contrary, was the highest when triticale was sown from 25 August to 15 September (65.6–66.6%).
Keywords: aridity; winter triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus); sum of effective temperatures; precipitation; tillering coefficient; yield; grain quality.
Author Details: K. N. Biryukov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), head of laboratory (е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A. I. Grabovets, Corresponding member of the RAS, D. Sc. (Agr.), head of division; A. V. Krokhmal’, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), head of laboratory; O. V. Biryukova, research fellow; I. V. Lyashkov, research fellow.
For citation: K. N. Biryukov, A. I. Grabovets, A. V. Krokhmal’, et al. [Sowing time as an important component of triticale cultivation technology in the context of increasing climate aridity]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2022;36(2):32-6. Russian. doi: 10.53859/02352451_2022_36_2_32.