S. N. Mikhaleva, L. N. Ul’yanenko, S. V. Akimova, A. P. Glinushkin
All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, ul. Institut, vl. 5, r.p. Bol’shie Vyazemy, Odintsovskii r-n, Moskovskaya obl., 143050, Russian Federation
Abstract. The studies aimed to monitor the phytosanitary state and study the development of phytopathogens (the formation of consortia) during the crop cultivation using special technologies, as well as the development of techniques necessary for their reclamation on fields and lands alienated after radioactive contamination due to the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. The work was carried out in 1991–1998 in the southwestern part of the Bryansk region at permanent study areas organised on the lands taken out of production. To solve the problem of providing planting material for the reclamation of recovered from degradation lands by laying tree and shrubbery plantings, we considered the possibility of accelerated vegetative propagation of adapted ex vitro plants improved with green cuttings. In general, the species composition of soil fungi populations after the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant remained quite typical for the studied edaphic-climatic zone and did not undergo significant changes over several years of observations. The appearance of previously atypical phytopathogens for the region (Gloeosporium lupini Bon., Colletotrichum coccodes Wallr., Rhizoctonia solani Kiihn.) and an increase in the aggressivity of certain fungal species (Fusarium nivale Fr. Ces., Fusarium sporotrichiella Bilai, Fusarium culmorum Sass., Bipolaris sorokiniana Sass. Shoem., Rhynchosporium graminicola Heiny, Drechslera teres Sass. Shoem.) was noticed. Under conditions of limited or no plant protection measures, this contributed to the formation of dangerous infection centres in the alienated territories, the spread of which to adjacent fields with crop production could lead to significant crop losses. For laying tree and shrubbery plantings on recultivated areas, it was possible to accelerate vegetative propagation of adapted ex vitro improved plants using cuttings. As a result, the yield of plants from 1 m2 of greenhouse area increased, compared to the number of plants adapted ex vitro without cuttings, by 1.8-2.3 times.
Keywords: mycocenoses; phytopathogens; plant diseases; radioactive contamination; removed from the economic use lands.
Author Details: S. N. Mikhaleva, post graduate student (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); L. N. Ul’yanenko, D.Sc. (Biol.), research fellow; S. V. Akimova, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), research fellow; A. P. Glinushkin, D. Sc. (Agr.), Corresponding member of the RAS, director.
For citation: Mikhaleva SN, Ul’yanenko LN, Akimova SV, et al. [The phytosanitary condition of soils in territories contaminated with Сhernobyl nuclear power plant radionuclides and approaches to solving the problems arising from their return to agricultural use] Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2022;36(2):37-41. Russian. doi: 10.53859/02352451_2022_36_2_37.