N. V. Kulyakina, T. K. Yurechko
Far Eastern Research Institute of Agriculture, Khabarovsk Federal Research Center, Far Eastern branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Klubnaya, 13, s. Vostochnoe, Khabarovskii r-n, Khabarovskii krai, 680521, Russian Federation
Abstract. The study was carried out in Khabarovsk Territory in 2017–2019 in open ground on meadow-brown heavy loamy soils. The experiments were carried out to identify hybrid combinations with a positive heterosis effect and to determine the nature of precocity and yield characteristics inheritance in cucumber F1 hybrids obtained from intervarietal crossing of domestic and foreign crops. The breeding material was varieties and hybrids of cucumber taken from the Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR). As sources of economically valuable traits, 4 parental forms were identified: Zarnitsa, Slavyansky (Belarus), Medeu (Kazakhstan), Kudesnik (Russia). The next stage of the study (2017) was to carry out direct and back crosses. Varieties of local selection (Mig, Kaskad, Lotos, Khabar) adapted to the region conditions were used for hybridization. The final stage (2018–2019) was to assess F1 hybrid plants according to the magnitude of heterosis and to determine the nature of trait inheritance. Inheritance of economically valuable traits of precocity and total yield of cucumber F1 hybrids in open ground in the monsoon climate of Khabarovsk Territory varied from depression to overdominance. Positive overdominance in terms of early yield (precocity) was noted in 22.2% of hybrids, in terms of total yield – in 18.1%. On the basis of “early maturity”, hybrid combinations with maternal forms Lotus and Zarnitsa were the best. The output of early products amounted to 27.4–57.7% of the total yield. The positive effect of heterosis in this case was equal to 17.0–89.7%. In terms of overall yield, the greatest effect of heterosis (H(gen) = 17.3–46.1%) was found in hybrids with varieties Medeu, Khabar and Zarnitsa as a maternal component, in which it reached 51.3–64.2 t/ha.
Keywords: cucumber (Cucumis sativus); hybrid; heterosis; phenotypic dominance; open ground; early maturity; yield.
Author Details: N. V. Kulyakina, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); T. K. Yurechko, senior research fellow.
For citation: Kulyakina NV, Yurechko TK. [Heterotic effect and phenotypic dominance of intervarietal F1 hybrids of cucumber in open ground]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2022; 36(2):42-7. Russian. doi: 10.53859/02352451_2022_36_2_42.