O. I. Goryanin, B. Zh. Dzhangabaev, E. V. Shcherbinina
Samara Federal research center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tulajkov Samara research Institute of agriculture, ul. K. Marksa, 41, pos. Bezenchuk, Bezenchukskii r-n, Samarskaya obl., 446254, Russian Federation
Abstract. The research aimed to improve the technology of sunflower cultivation in the arid conditions of the Samara region. The work was carried out in 2019–2021, the soil of the test plot was ordinary chernozem. The experiment design included the study of the following treatments: traditional technology with ploughing at 22–24 cm (without fertilizers, N15P15K15 in the form of azophoska), resource saving technology with loosening at 25–27 cm (without fertilizers, biological preparation during vegetation, N15P15K15, biological preparation + N15P15K15), direct sowing + N15P15K15. The moisture regime and agrochemical properties of the soil did not deteriorate with resource-saving technologies and direct sowing, compared to traditional technology. Sunflower yield in all variants of the experiment strongly inversely correlated with the air temperature (r was from 0.99 to -1.00) and directly correlated with HTC (r = 0.96–0.99) in the flowering phase. The highest yield increase in the experiment from the application of complex fertilizers was noted with the resource-saving technology – 0.39–0.44 t/ha (18.1–21.7%) versus 0.27 t/ha (12.7%) with the traditional one. The use of the biopreparation Borogum increased the yield by 0.12 t/ha (5.9%). Against the background of fertilizers in the variant with direct sowing, the average yield was almost the same as with the traditional and resource-saving technologies – 2.38, 2.40 and 2.47 t/ha, respectively. The largest qualified net income in the experiment was noted with the direct sowing and resource-saving technology against the background of mineral fertilizers – 38,129.8–40,664.6 rubles/ha, which is higher by 1,619.8–6,392.5 rubles/ha (4.4–18.7%) than in the traditional technology variants. The maximum payback in the experiment was established for direct sowing – 3.71 rubles/ha. According to the results of the research, when cultivating P63LE10 sunflower hybrid in the arid conditions of the Volga region, it is recommended to use technologies with direct sowing (with a help of Kuhn seeder) or deep loosening of the soil in a wheat-fallow crop rotation against the background of the application of N15P15K15 (azofoska) and Express herbicide.
Keywords: sunflower (helianthus); technology; direct sowing; economic efficiency.
Author Details: O. I. Goryanin, D. Sc. (Agr.), chief research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); B. Zh. Dzhangabaev, senior research fellow; E. V. Shcherbinina, junior research fellow.
For citation: Goryanin OI, Dzhangabaev BZh, Shcherbinina EV [Sunflower cultivation technologies under arid conditions of the Volga region]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2022; 36 (2):55-60. Russian. doi: 10.53859/02352451_2022_36_2_55.