S. N. Nekoval, A.V. Zakharchenko, A. K. Churikova, O. A. Maskalenko, V. D. Nadykta
Federal Scientific Center for Biological Plant Protection, Krasnodar, p/o 39, 350039, Russian Federation
Abstract. The research aimed to study the effect of integrated and biological protection systems on the composition of soil mycobiota, phytopathogenic infections, biometric indicators, yield and quality of watermelon fruit. The tests were carried out under the conditions of the Anapo-Taman agroclimatic zone of the Krasnodar Territory. The soil was southern chernozem. The study object was the watermelon variety Avatar. The test options were control (without treatments), integrated (standard) and biological protection systems. Using the last one, the best efficiency was observed, in comparison with the standard, against Alternaria spp. (the number of CFU was lower by 33.3% during the first year of research and 2.3 times during the second one) and Verticillium spp. (in the first year the difference was 63.3%, in the second – Verticillium spp. was not found). Against Fusarium spp. the efficiency was lower: the number of CFUs in the first year of studies was higher by 25.8%, in the second – 2.75 times. During the research period in the standard variant of the experiment, the number of Trichoderma spp. fungi increased from 0 to 2.06 thousand/g, in the variant with the biological protection system – from 0 to 4.13 thousand/g. The best result was observed when using the biological protection system: the share of pathogens in the total number of mycomycetes was 9.5%, suppressors – 90.5%. The development of phytopathogens was not observed in watermelon plants. In the variant with biological protection, the vegetative mass exceeded the values of these indicators by 37.3 and 10.4% in the control and when using the standard; the number of fruits per plant was 17.3% more than in the standard, the weight of one fruit was 2.4% more. The highest yield in the experiment was observed in the reference variant, 17.3% higher than with the biological protection. The highest marketability (90.8%) and the best quality characteristics of fruits were in the variant with biological protection of watermelon.
Keywords: watermelon (Citrullus lanatus); integrated protection system, biological protection system; microbiological preparations; pathogenic mycobiota; suppressive mycobiota; biometric parameters; biochemical parameters.
Author Details: S. N. Nekoval, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), head of laboratory (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A. V. Zakharchenko, research fellow; A. K. Churikova, research fellow; O. A. Maskalenko, research fellow; V. D. Nadykta, member of the RAS, D. Sc. (Techn.), chief research fellow.
For citation: Nekoval SN, Zakharchenko AV, Churikova AK, et al. [Use of microbiological preparations during the cultivation of watermelon]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2022;36(3):26-32. Russian. doi: 10.53859/02352451_2022_36_3_26.