G. R. Ilbulova1,2, Ya. T. Suyundukov1,2, I. N. Semenova1,2, R. F. Khasanova1,2, M. B. Suyundukova1, I. Kh. Safin3
1Institute for Strategic Studies of the Republic of Bashkortostan, ul. Kirova, 15, Ufa, 450008, Russian Federation
2Sibai Institute (Branch) of Bashkir State University, ul. Belova, 21, Sibai, Republic of Bashkortostan, 453830, Russian Federation
3Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan, ul. Kirova, 15, Ufa, 450008, Russian Federation
Abstract. The preservation of soil fertility is one of the main aims under conditions of intensive farming. In this sense, it is theoretically relevant and necessary to provide scientific support for technologies that contribute to soil resource conservation. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of no-till technology on the agrophysical and biological properties of ordinary chernozem in the Trans-Urals of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The work was carried out in the summer of 2020 on the land of an agricultural enterprise, where this technology had been used for more than 10 years. For comparison, we studied agrocenoses with traditional tillage and virgin land with natural forb-fescue-feather grass vegetation. The soil cover of the study area was represented by ordinary, medium thick, medium-humic, heavy loamy chernozem. The sum of temperatures above 10 С was 2,340 С, the average annual precipitation was 351 mm, the hydrothermal coefficient was 0.64. The long-term use of the no-till technology contributed to an increase in the humus content in the soil by 0.12%, the share of agronomically valuable aggregates by 1.0–2.1%, and their water stability by 5.2–35.0% in the entire arable layer. The reaction of the soil solution without mechanical tillage for a long time and of the virgin soil was neutral (рН = 6.80–6.91), while with the use of traditional technology it was mildly alkaline (рН = 7.45–7.63). To study biological indicators, the total number of microorganisms as well as the activity of soil enzymes were analysed. The use of the no-till technology led to an increase in the activity of urea enzyme by 2.2%, of invertase enzyme by 10%, and of phosphatase by 5.1%. Traditional tillage, compared to the no-till, reduced the invertase enzyme activity, but contributed to an increase in the cellulase activity by 20% and protease activity by 10%. The largest total number of microorganisms, which was determined by direct counting, was observed in soils with traditional tillage technology (1,452.6 million/g), the smallest – in virgin lands (1,299.3 million/g).
Keywords: no-till; structural and aggregate composition; water stability; humus; reaction of the soil solution; biological activity.
Author Details: G. R. Ilbulova, Cand. Sc. (Bol.), senior research fellow, assoc. prof. (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); Ya. T. Suyundukov, D. Sc. (Biol.), chief research fellow, prof.; I. N. Semenova, D. Sc. (Biol.), leading research fellow, prof.; R. F. Khasanova, D. Sc. (Biol.), leading research fellow, assoc. prof.; M. B. Suyundukova, D. Sc. (Biol.), senior research fellow; I. Kh. Safin, D. Sc. (Agr.), Academician-Secretary.
For citation: Ilbulova GR, Suyundukov YaT, Semenova IN, et al. [Influence of resource-saving no-till technology on the agrophysical and biological properties of ordinary chernozem in the Bashkir Trans-Urals]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2022; 36(4):66-71. Russian. doi: 10.53859/02352451_2022_36_4_66.