M. A. Nesmeyanova, A.V. Dedov, E. V. Korotkikh
Emperor Peter the Great Voronezh State Agrarian University, ul. Michurina, 1, Voronezh, 394087, Russian Federation
Abstract. The research aimed to determine the effect of biologization techniques on soil fertility and corn yield for grain. The work was carried out on a typical chernozem in the Voronezh region. The experimental design involved the study of variants of single-crop sowing of corn (control), binary sowings of corn with yellow sweet clover and blue alfalfa for stubble green manure of oil radish. The soil of the experimental plot was typical chernozem of clay grain-size distribution. Humus content was 5.3%, mobile phosphorus and potassium content – 113 and 184 mg/kg, respectively, pH(salt) – 5.36. During the study period (2014–2016), there were both dry (HTC – 0.7) and excessively wet (HTC – 2.6) years. Binary crops of corn with yellow sweet clover and blue alfalfa improved the supply of nutrients to the soil under corn. On average, during the growing season in the variants with biologization methods, the content of mobile phosphorus and potassium in the soil was 10-16 and 8-12 mg/kg higher, respectively, than in the control, and nitrate and ammonium nitrogen – by 0.8-1.6 and 0.1-0.2 mg/kg. At the same time, higher values were typical for the binary sowing of corn with yellow sweet clover. Replacing the traditional technology of corn cultivation with the technology with elements of biologization ensured an increase in the amount of plant residues in the soil in the variant with sweet clover up to 12.12 t/ha, with alfalfa – up to 10.20 t/ha, which was higher than the control by 5.49 and 3. 57 t/ha. At the detritus same time, the content in the soil increased by 0.11-0.12%, while in a single-crop sowing it decreased. A higher yield of corn was observed in binary crops. The increase to the control in the variant with blue alfalfa was 0.14 t/ha, with yellow sweet clover – 0.21 t/ha. The most profitable (113.4%) was the binary sowing of corn with sweet clover.
Keywords: corn (Zea mays); binary sowing; leguminose grasses; nutrients; detritus; yield.
Author Details: M. A. Nesmeyanova, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), assoc. prof. (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A. V. Dedov, D. Sc. (Agr.), prof.; E. V. Korotkikh, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), assoc. prof.
For citation: Nesmeyanova MA, Dedov AV, Korotkikh EV [Influence of a complex of biologization techniques on the main properties of the soil and the yield of corn]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2022;36(4):72-6. Russian. doi: 10.53859/02352451_2022_36_4_72.