N. N. Shapovalova, E. A. Menkina, D. A. Akhmedshina
North-Caucasus Federal Scientific Agrarian Center, ul. Nikonova, 49, Mikhailovsk, Shpakovskii r-n, Stavropol’skii krai, 356241, Russian Federation
Abstract. The study aimed to study the aftereffect of long-term use of mineral fertilizers on the agrochemical indicators of the fertility of ordinary chernozem and to determine the content of the main nutrients in the arable soil layer, which are necessary for the formation of high yields and quality of winter wheat grain. The work was carried out in 2017-2018 and 2019-2020 in the zone of unstable moisture in the Stavropol Territory. The systematic use of increasing doses of fertilizers over 30 years created in the period of their aftereffect a variety of combinations of agrochemical properties of the soil, capable of providing different levels of yield of winter wheat cultivated in bare fallow. The content of nitrate nitrogen in the layer of 0-20 cm before sowing the crop varied within 5.3-50.9 mg/kg, mobile phosphorus – 15-71 and potassium 201-305 mg/kg. The wheat yield in 2017-2018 was 5.34-7.01 t/ha, in 2019-2020 – 6.32-8.13 t/ha, the content of crude gluten in grain was 14.9-20,4 and 13.7-23.6%, respectively. Under different weather conditions, the highest grain yield was observed when the soil was provided with at least 20 mg/kg of nitrate nitrogen, 35 mg/kg of mobile phosphorus and 250 mg/kg of potassium. With the accumulation of nitrogen in an amount exceeding 20 mg/kg, the differences in wheat yields were determined only by the content of mobile phosphorus in the soil. In that case, an increase in the content of Р2О5 in the soil by 1 mg/kg provided an increase in the grain harvest in the amount of 15 kg/ha. With a lack of nitrogen before wheat is seeded, the provision of this element in the soil had an advantage over phosphorus, and a change in the content of nitrate nitrogen by 1 mg/kg increased the crop yield by 58 kg/ha. The cultivation of wheat in bare fallow did not guarantee the production of grain of 3-4 classes, and to increase the mass fraction of raw gluten in grain, nitrogen fertilizer must be applied.
Keywords: fertilizer aftereffect; winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); soil diagnostics; nutrients; grain quality; nitrate nitrogen; mobile phosphorus.
Author Details: N. N. Shapovalova, head of laboratory (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); E. A. Menkina, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow; D. A. Akhmedshina, junior research fellow.
For citation: Shapovalova NN, Menkina EA, Akhmedshina DA [Diagnostic indicators of soil supply with nutrients for the formation of high yield of winter wheat]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhnik iAPK. 2022;36(5):5-10. Russian. doi: 10.53859/02352451_2022_36_5_5.