V. V. Khrapach1, V. I. Kozhevnikov1, E. I. Godunova2
1Stavropol’ Botanical Garden, ul. Lenina, 478, Stavropol’, 355029, Russian Federation
2North Caucasus Federal Agricultural Research Centre, ul. Nikonova, 49, Mikhailovsk, Shpakovskii r-n, Stavropol’skii krai, 356241, Russian Federation
Abstract. A comparative study of changes in the agrochemical parameters of agrochernozem soils over more than half a century of growth of various plant formations laid on arable land was carried out: conifers, mixed plantations and hardwoods, as well as meadow vegetation restored by the agrosteppe method. The tilled field was used for growing field and vegetable crops. After 50–60 years, in the upper soil layer (0–20 cm), the increase in humus content, compared with arable land, varied from 1.63% under the fir-spruce forest to 3.91% (1.9 times) under the oak-ash formation (the humus content averaged 8.21%). The amount of humus in the soil layer of 0-20 cm increased in the following row: arable land (4.30%) → dark coniferous forest (5.93%) → Sosnovsky pine (6.09%) → Crimean pine (6.49%) → mixed (Banks pine + drooping birch) plantations (6.72%) → meadow vegetation (6.94%) → oriental beech (7.25%) → oak-ash formation (8.21%) with HSR05=0, 96%. During the research period, the pH value significantly decreased under the dark coniferous forest from 6.41 (arable land) to 5.86 and increased to 7.40 under the oak-ash formation with HSR05=0.35. After ploughing cessation of agrochernozems and placement of various plant formations, the annual increase in the humus content occurred in the following amounts: on average, under coniferous plantations by 0.036%, under mixed plantations by 0.044%, under meadow vegetation by 0.050%, under hardwoods by 0.059%. These changes are associated with the volume and qualitative composition of the incoming plant residues. The mobile phosphorus content in the 0–20 cm layer under meadow vegetation was significantly (НСР05=4.9) lower than on arable land by 5.3 mg/kg, under drooping birch by 6.3 mg/kg, under Sosnovsky pine – by 9.4 mg/kg. The amount of mobile potassium significantly (НСР05=22.7) increased compared to arable land by 42 mg/kg under the common oak-ash formation and significantly decreased by 29 mg/kg under meadow vegetation.
Keywords: plant formations; humus; pH; mobile phosphorus and potassium; coniferous; mixed and deciduous plantations.
Author Details: V. V. Khrapach, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), deputy director; V. I. Kozhevnikov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), director; E. I. Godunova, D. Sc. (Agr.), head of research group.
For citation: Khrapach VV, Kozhevnikov VI, Godunova EI [The influence of various formations on the agrochemical properties of agrochernozems of the Central Ciscaucasia] Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2022;36(5):11-5. Russian. doi: 10.53859/02352451_2022_36_5_11.