O. I. Goryanin, L.V. Pronovich, B. Zh. Dzhangabaev, E. V. Shcherbinina
Samara Federal research center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tulajkov Samara research Institute of agriculture, ul. K. Marksa, 41, pos. Bezenchuk, Bezenchukskii r-n, Samarskaya obl., 446254, Russian Federation
Abstract. The research aimed to optimise manufacturing process in the cultivation of spring barley in the Middle Volga region. The work was carried out in 2019-2021 in the Samara region on ordinary chernozem in a grain-fallow crop rotation. Sunflower, the forecrop of barley, was cultivated using the Express Sun production system. The experimental design involved the study of the following options: barley cultivation technology (factor A) – traditional without fertilizers, traditional with the introduction of ammonia nitrate before sowing, direct sowing without fertilizers, direct sowing with the introduction of the biopreparation Bionex Kemi during tillering, direct sowing with the introduction of ammonia nitrate before sowing, direct sowing with the use of nitrogen fertilizers and a biological product; fungicide treatment (factor B) – without treatment, spraying with Soligor at the end of booting stage. The moisture regime and agrochemical properties of the soil during direct sowing did not deteriorate, compared with traditional technology. A high responsiveness of the crop to the use of N40 was established – with traditional technology, the yield increase was 0.66 t/ha (37.7%), with direct sowing – 0.97-1.11 t/ha (70.8-81.0%). The use of the fungicide Soligor increased the yield of barley with traditional technology by 0.07-0.11 t/ha (4.6-5.7%), with direct sowing – by 0.09-0.25 t/ha (4.1-10.1%). There was no yield increase from the use of the biological product. The highest conditional net income in the experiment (15837.8 rubbles/ha) and the level of profitability (129.8%) were observed with direct sowing and the complex use of fertilizers and a biological product. The cost of using the fungicide paid off with an increase in yield only against the background of N40 with direct sowing. A technology for direct sowing of barley with a universal sowing unit-18.05 with pre-sowing application of ammonia nitrate at a dose of N40, as well as with the use of the biopreparation Bionex Kemi in the tillering phase and the fungicide Soligor at the end of booting stage in years favourable for moisture was proposed.
Keywords: spring barley (Hordeum vulgare annua L.); direct sowing; sunflower forecrop; economic efficiency.
Author Details: O. I. Goryanin, D. Sc. (Agr.), chief research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); L. V. Pronovich, research fellow; B. Zh. Dzhangabaev, senior research fellow; E. V. Shcherbinina, junior research fellow.
For citation: Goryanin OI, Pronovich LV, Dzhangabaev BZh, et al. [Optimisation of manufacturing process in the cultivation of spring barley in the Middle Volga region]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2022;36(8):55-60. Russian. doi: 10.53859/02352451_2022_36_8_55.