E. V. Dubovik, D. V. Dubovik, A. N. Morozov, A. V. Shumakov
Federal Agricultural Kursk Research Center, ul. Karla Marksa 70b, Kursk, 305021, Russian Federation
Abstract. The studies aimed to study the effect of the main tillage minimization on the agrochemical and agrophysical properties of the soil, the phytosanitary condition of crops, the yield and quality of agricultural crops. The work was carried out in 2019-2021 on a typical thick heavy loamy chernozem in the Kursk region. The experimental design included the study of the following options: crop (factor A) – pea, winter wheat, soybean, spring barley; basic tillage (factor B) – ploughing with a layer turnover of 20-22 cm, combined tillage (disking +chiselling by 20-22 cm), surface tillage (disking up to 8 cm), without tillage (direct sowing). Minimization of tillage did not lead to deterioration of the agrophysical properties of the soil. With direct sowing, there was an increase in the content of agronomically valuable (by 3.8-6.5%) and water-resistant aggregates (by 1.4-4.9%), most of the productive moisture was accumulated in spring. A decrease in the intensity of the main tillage contributed to an increase in the content of humus, alkaline hydrolysable nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and potassium. With a decrease in the depth of cultivation, there was a differentiation of soil layers in terms of the content of mineral nutrition elements, most pronounced in relation to mobile phosphorus and potassium during direct sowing. At the same time, a sharp increase in the number of weeds was observed, with a maximum increase in infestation during direct sowing (2.4 times). The grain harvest of winter wheat and spring barley, while minimizing tillage, decreased by 0.30-0.49 t/ha and 0.42-0.94 t/ha, respectively. The yield of soybeans and peas with combined and surface treatments decreased by 0.30-0.36 and 0.23-0.24 t / ha, respectively, in comparison with ploughing. With direct sowing, the value of this indicator for soybeans did not change, and for peas it increased by 0.11-0.35 t/ha. The amount of protein in the production of all crops decreased with minimization of tillage, and the smallest values in the experiment were observed with direct sowing.
Keywords: tillage; direct sowing; agrophysics; agrochemistry; grain quality; peas; winter wheat; soybeans; spring barley.
Author Details: E. V. Dubovik, D. Sc. (Biol.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); D. V. Dubovik, D. Sc. (Agr.), chief research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A. N. Morozov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A. V. Shumakov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Dubovik EV, Dubovik DV, Morozov AN, et al. [Main tillage minimization under the conditions of the Kursk region]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2022;36(8):49-54. Russian. doi: 10.53859/02352451_2022_36_8_49.