M. I. Egorova, L. N. Puzanova
Federal Agricultural Kursk Research Center, ul. Karla Marksa, 70 b, Kursk, 305021, Russian Federation
Abstract. The research aimed to analyse global trends in the development of the sugar beet industry and their impact on its condition in Russia. The objects of research were scientific articles, the main indicators of the work of the domestic industry in retrospective for 82 years. The world trend of the industrial use of sugar beet hybrids was observed, which influenced the territorial changes in its production and ensured the growth of gross collection due to increased yields. The cultivated area of crops in the world has decreased from 7.65 million hectares in 1970 to less than 5.0 million hectares since 2011, while the gross harvest has increased 1.3 times, reaching 300 million tons in some years. Along with Russia, European countries, the United States, the leaders in the production of sugar beet included the Mediterranean countries. In Russia, the era of hybrids began in the 1990s from the use of foreign seed material, the share of which by 2017 reached 100%. The measures taken by the state made it possible to create domestic hybrids of a new generation and by 2021 to replace 7% of seeds. The world trend of production diversification in Russia is implemented in the form of extraction of sugar and betaine from molasses with annual production volumes of 100 thousand tons of sugar and 40 thousand tons of betaine. In the beet sugar industry of Russia, during the period under review, the sugar yield increased from 11.87% to 14.33%, the sucrose content in molasses decreased from 2.76% to 1.87%, the consumption of standard fuel – from 11.54% to 3.80 %, limestone – from 7.11% to 3.65%. Global trends have had a positive impact on the state of the industry in Russia, being realised at first as foreign achievements, and later in the form of domestic developments displacing foreign ones.
Keywords: sugar; sugar beet industry; world trends; diversification; hybrid; efficiency; molasses; technological control.
Author Details: M.I. Egorova, Cand. Sc. (Tech.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); L.N. Puzanova, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow.
For citation: Egorova MI, Puzanova LN [Global trends and new challenges for the Russian beet sugar industry: scientific aspect]. Dostizheniya nayki i tekniki APK. 2022; 36(8):72-80. Russian. doi: 10.53859/02352451_2022_36_8_72.