E. V. Kuzina, G. F. Rafikova, S. R. Mukhamatdyarova, Yu. Yu. Sharipova, T. Yu. Korshunova
Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, prosp. Oktyabrya, 69, Ufa, 450054, Russian Federation
Abstract. The studies aimed to study the effectiveness of the use of a new biological preparation based on a complex of beneficial microorganisms for the decomposition of wheat straw. The biological preparation included strains of bacteria with high cellulolytic activity CA 3 and SU 6, as well as antagonist strains of phytopathogenic fungi Pseudomonas laurentiana ANT 17 and Paenibacillus peoriae ANT 13, which have growth-stimulating activity and the ability to mobilise inorganic phosphates. The work was carried out in 2021 under the conditions of a field experiment in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The soil was leached medium loamy chernozem. Straw was crushed, treated with aqueous solutions of ammonium nitrate and a biological preparation, then mixed with soil and placed in a nylon bag, which was buried to a depth of 10-15 cm. The experiment lasted 5 months. The introduction of plant residues had a stimulating effect on the vital activity of the saprophytic soil microflora (the number of cellulolytic microorganisms increased by 3.7-5.8 times) and the enzymatic activity of the soil: invertase and catalase activities increased on average by 8.9-15.5%, urease and cellulase activities – by 42.9-64.9%. The highest degree of straw decomposition was observed in the variant with the use of a biological preparation together with ammonium nitrate. In this case, for 5 months, the efficiency of straw destruction was 50.8% versus 25.2% in the control. At the end of the field experiment, a vegetative experiment was set up, the purpose of which was to find out how the decomposition of wheat straw contributed to the increase in soil fertility and the growth of subsequent crops, on the example of carrots. The best results were observed in the variant where a biological product and ammonium nitrate were used for straw treatment: the weight of the carrot root was 14.4% more than in the control, the diameter of the root crop was 49.5%.
Keywords: straw decomposition; microbiological preparation; phytotoxicity; enzymatic activity of soils; number of physiological groups of microorganisms.
Author Details: E. V. Kuzina, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), senior research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); G. F. Rafikova, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), senior research fellow; S. R. Mukhamatdyarova, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), senior research fellow; Yu. Yu. Sharipova, junior research fellow; T. Yu. Korshunova, D. Sc. (Biol.), leading research fellow.
For citation: Kuzina EV, Rafikova GF, Mukhamatdyarova SR, et al. [Microbiological preparation for acceleration of the straw destruction and soil fertility increasing ]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2022;36(9):32-6. Russian. doi: 10.53859/02352451_2022_36_9_32.