V. I. Usenko, A. A. Garkusha, T. A. Litvintseva, E. G. Deryanova, I. A. Kobzeva, A. A. Shcherbakova
Federal Altai Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnologies, Nauchnyi gorodok, 35, Barnaul, 656910, Russian Federation
Abstract. The research aimed to study the change in the supply of leached chernozem with mobile potassium during long-term cultivation of grain crops, depending on the forecrop, tillage and nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers. The studies were carried out in 2019-2022 in the Altai Territory. The work was carried out in a crop rotation of clean fallow (with zero tillage – rapeseed for oil seeds) – wheat – oats – wheat – peas – wheat and with permanent cultivation of wheat. In the field experiment, we studied three backgrounds of the main tillage (zero, shallow by 14-16 cm, deep by 25-27 cm) and three levels of fertilization (without fertilizers, N5.8P25 at sowing, N40 before sowing + N5.8P25 at sowing). The soil before the start of the experiment in 2000 had a high (according to Chirikov) availability of mobile potassium. With the systematic use of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers, the content of mobile potassium decreased in the arable layer from 145 mg/kg on an unfertilized background to 123-137 mg/kg, and in the subsoil layer it increased from 131 mg/kg to 133-134 mg/kg. In the direction from permanent crops to crop rotation, it increased in layers from 133 to 137 mg/kg and from 126 to 139 mg/kg. From zero to shallow and deep tillage in the arable layer it increased from 130 to 135-139 mg/kg, and in the subsoil – decreased from 142 to 127-129 mg/kg. The influence of forecrops and treatments increased against the background of fertilizers. From the snow melting to crop shoots, due to mobilization, the content of mobile potassium in the arable and subsurface layers increased by 20-23 mg/kg (13.7-26.5%), by harvesting, due to removal, it decreased by 44-46 mg/kg ( 26.5-36.5%), and by winter it increased again by 15-20 mg/kg (16.4-18.8%). According to the accumulation of mobile potassium in the arable layer of the soil during the germination period, the forecrops can be arranged in the following decreasing series (mg/kg): fallow (179) > peas (168) > oats (159) > wheat (134-148).
Keywords: grain crops; leached chernozem; crop rotation; tillage; fertilizers; mobile potassium.
Author details: V. I. Usenko, D. Sc. (Agr.), chief research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A. A. Garkusha, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow; T. A. Litvintseva, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow; E. G. Deryanova, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow; I. A. Kobzeva, research fellow; A. A. Shcherbakova, research fellow.
For citation: Usenko VI, Garkusha AA, Litvintseva TA, et al. [Changes in the supply of leached chernozem with mobile potassium during long-term cultivation of grain crops, depending on the forecrop, tillage, and nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2022;36(10):5-10. Russian. doi: 10.53859/02352451_2022_36_10_5.