G. V. Petrova, F. G. Bakirov, I. V. Vasiliev, V. B. Shchukin, A. P. Dolmatov
Orenburg State Agrarian University, ul. Chelyuskintsev, 18, Orenburg, 460014, Russian Federation
Abstract. The research aimed to identify the reasons for the decline in the spring durum wheat grain production and the deterioration of its quality, to reveal the possible prospects for growing crops in the Orenburg region and ways to implement them. The source of information was the all-Russian and regional reports and documents of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation and the Orenburg region, the results of scientific research by scientists from the Orenburg State Agrarian University and the Orenburg Research Institute of Agriculture. Sowings of spring durum wheat in the Orenburg region decreased from 1 million hectares in 1968 to 372.8 thousand hectares in 2022, due to its weak competitiveness, in comparison with soft spring and winter wheat, in terms of yield, quality and price grain at its higher cost, a drop in soil fertility, the use of low-quality seeds, and a reduction in the use of fertilizers. The main advantage of the Orenburg region over other regions in terms of grain production of spring durum wheat is its unique soil and climatic conditions, which allow growing high-quality products. The main factors for a good harvest and grain quality are the correct choice of variety, ensuring sufficient moisture reserves and moistening of the upper layers of the soil, as well as the use of fertilizers in the N80P40K20 norm. The transition to no-till is possible under the following conditions: the introduction of durum wheat into the crop rotation after 5-6 years of continuous use of direct sowing, after the restoration of the soil condition to that characteristic of virgin lands; the use of biological preparations; replacement of glyphosate in weed control with safer drugs and methods of crop weed control; selection of suitable forecrops.
Keywords: spring durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.); soil and climatic conditions; cultivation technology.
Author Details: G. V. Petrova, D. Sc. (Agr.), prof. (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); F. G. Bakirov, D. Sc. (Agr.), prof.; I. V. Vasiliev, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), decan; V. B. Shchukin, D. Sc. (Agr.), head of the department; A. P. Dolmatov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), assoc. prof.
For citation: Petrova GV, Bakirov FG, Vasiliev IV, et al. [Prospects and features of the spring durum wheat cultivation in the Orenburg region]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2022;36(11):21-5. Russian. doi: 10.53859/02352451_2022_36_11_21.