I.E. Likhenko, V.V. Sovetov, S.I. Anosov, N.N. Likhenko
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Summary. The purpose of the research work is to estimate the yielding prop-erties of Siberian varieties of spring wheat and study the regularities of grain harvest formation, as well as the main elements of its structure under conditions of forest-steppe of Western Siberia. In 2009-2012, differing by the heat and humidity, there were carried out competitive trials field experiments of Siberian varieties of spring wheat, such as early-maturing Novosibirsk 15 and Vavenkov Memory, mid-early-ripening Novosibirsk 29 and Novosibirsk 31, mid-maturing Novosibirsk 44, Novosibirsk 18 and Omsk 33. Duration of the vegetation period of the studied cultivars varied from 59 (early-maturing variety Novosibirsk 15 in the arid 2012) to 91 days (mid-maturing variety Omsk 33 in the favorable 2010). Under favorable water - and heat supply conditions, that fostered development of leaf diseases, early-ripening varieties yield was not lower that that of mid-early-ripening variety Novosibirsk 29, due to their short vegetation period, owing to which they are able to avoid the infections. In the extremely dry 2012, the majority of the studied cultivars did not differ in grain yield, despite the difference in vegetation between them up to 9 days. This means that the early-maturing varieties can also escape drought. But the mid-ripening highly drought-resistant varieties Novosibirsk 18 and Omsk 33 had the most advantage under dry conditions. The difference in yield between them and other varieties has reached nearly 7 acres/ha. One can note, that in our experiments Novosibirsk 18 was 1-6 days early-ripening than the variety Omsk 33 1-6 days. Early-maturing category of spring wheat varieties is traditionally the most acceptable to the conditions of Siberia. In our experiments the varieties Novosibirsk 29 and Novosibirsk 31 matured for optimal 78-80 days. On average, during 4 years the yield of the variety Novosibirsk 31 was more than 8 acres/ha higher than that of Novosibirsk 29, and its vegetation period lasted 2 days longer. These differences are explained by different resistance to diseases. So, in average for a 4 year No-vosibirsk 29 was infected with the brown rust and powdery mildew on 5 points to Novosibirsk 31 – on 2.7 and 3.5 points respectively. On average over 4 years of studying the studied varieties were divided into 2 groups according to their yield. In the first group (Novosibirsk 15, Novosibirsk 29 and Memory Vavenkov) their yield varies from 21.5 acres/ha to 22.1 acres/ha, the duration of vegetation period - from 73 to 78 days. In the second group (Novosibirsk 31, Novosibirsk 44, Novosibirsk 18 and Omsk 33) their yield varies from 26.4 acres/ha to 30.2 acres/ha the duration of vegetation period - from 80 to 84 days.
Keywords: wheat, variety, yield, vegetation, Siberia.