R.M. Satarova1, R.T. Bagmanov2, A.R. Garifullin2
1Bashkortostan SAU
2Branch of FSBI “Russian Agricultural Center” in Republic of Bashkortostan
Summary. The aim of the investigations was to study biological and ecological features of productivity formation of new varieties of soft spring wheat for an increase in the efficiency of its genetic potential use, rise of crop productivity with decrease in seeding rate and increase in tilling capacity under conditions of the Southern Urals. The object of the study is soft spring wheat of four varieties of different origin (factor A): Omskaya 35, Omskaya 36 (the standard), Boevchanka and Salavat Yulaev. Furthermore, the experiment plan provided for different seeding rates (factor B): thinned (2.5 million pcs/ha), control (5.0 million pcs/ha) and heavy (7.5 million pcs/ha) seeding. The seeding rate, which was considered as optimal one under local condition, was selected as a control. With an increase in seeding rate the preservation of plants to the harvesting reduced from 68.5 % with 2.5 million pcs/ha to 46 % with seeding rate 7.5 million pcs/ha. When 2.5 million seeds per a hectare were sown, the tillering was more active due to increase in the growing space with smaller thickness of sowing. Seeding of spring wheat with seeding rate 2.5 million grains/ha ensured obtaining of 2.56…3.39 t/ha of grain. The variety Boevchanka was characterized by the highest resistance to Oscinella, Omskaya 35 had the highest immunity to Anisoplia austriaca beetle. The application of seeding rates 2.5 and 5.0 million is economically the most effective, with its increase to 7.5 million pcs/ha expenditures per 1 t of production grow and productivity decreases, which leads to the decrease in production profitability. The highest qualified net profit per one hectare (8114 rub.) was noted for variety Salaval Yulaev with reduced seeding rate with profitability 91.8 %.
Keywords: spring wheat, seeding rate, the Southern Urals.