ROLE IN SHAPING EMBEDMENT DEPTH OF THE POTATO HARVEST DEPENDING ON METHODS AGROTECHNICS

A.K. Gorbunov
South Ural Research Institute of Horticulture and Potato

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Summary. In the forest-steppe zone of the Southern Urals conducted a study to examine the influence of planting depth on growth, development and productivity of potato depending on complex agricultural methods. The experimental setup consisted of 4 factors. 1) Term of landing: 1. May 17-20, 2. June 1-5. 2) Depth of embedding tubers: 1. 5-6 cm². 10-12 cm³) The scheme of planting: 1. 75h27 cm². 75h19 cm³) The level of mineral nutrition: 1. No fertilizer 2. Fertilizer per harvest 25 tonnes / ha 3. Fertilizer per harvest 40 tons / ha. Soil - leached chernozem medium loamy humus with 5,90-7,26% P₂O₅ - 118-160, K₂O - 193-257 mg / kg soil, rNsol = 5,12-5,20. Predecessor - sidereal pairs (spring rape). The comb landing was conducted with the simultaneous stainsing (TMTD, 2,5 l/t) of seminal tubers (50-80 gramme). It is established, that the greatest influence on the yield of potato varieties Tarasov in 2011-2013 provided planting density (contribution factor of 54.4 %) and the level of mineral nutrition (38,1 %). The proportion of variation of productivity due to the depth of embedment of seed tubers, averaged 2,4%, reaching a maximum in the dry conditions in 2012 (12,0%). Another 1,4 % of the variation was due to harvest time and interaction factors embedment depth . Small seal planting material during the first term of planting increased the germination of potatoes (May 17-20) in an average of 1,2 %, the number of surviving plants to harvest – 0,77 thousand pieces/ha, leaf area – 5,09 thousand m_²/ha, compared with deep planting. Tuber yields at the same time because of adverse weather conditions in 2012 and 2013 increased insignificantly (by an average of 0,14 t/ha). Deep incorporation of seed potatoes (10-12 cm) had the advantage with late planting dates (June 1-5), providing higher yields of tubers on average 1,28 t/ha.

Keywords: potato yields, planting depth, planting time, planting density, mineral nutrition, techniques of agricultural machinery, the contribution factor.