V.V. Okorkov, O.A. Fenova, L.A. Okorkova
Vladimir Science and Research Institute on Agriculture of Russian Academy of Agrarian Sciences
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Summary. It is shown in the 7 -field grain and grass crop rotation the dependence of the efficiency of precipitation and soil moisture on the climatic conditions and fertilizing. During the years with a equal disssimination of rainfalls during the growing season and moderate air temperatures arable crops use of the moisture out of the soil layers of 40…100 cm (20 mm) not intensively, in moderately dry with the lack of moisture in the spring and summer and unfavorable for the growth and vegetation for plants – 20 – 40 mm, in the acute drought years with favorable conditions during the critical phase of vegetation – 40 … 60 mm and above. Consumption of water per unit of production for grain, annual grasses and grasses of the 2nd year of use reduced in comparison with the background of liming with the application of organic fertilizer at 1.1 ... 1.4 times, a combination of organic fertilizers with a single dose of complete fertilizer – 1, 27 ... 1, 56, organic fertilizer with a double dose of NPK – 1, 44 ... 1, 83 times. Application of the fertilizers at the grasses of the 1st year of use didn’t contribute to more efficient use of water by harvest unit in comparison with the control and the background of liming as they did not provide the increase of the yield.
Keywords: gray forest soils, air temperature, precipitation, organic and mineral fertilizers, the usage of soil moisture and rainfall, crop rotation productivity, profitability of fertilizer.