A.H. Yapparov, A.M. Ezhkova, T.Y. Motina
Tatar Research Institute of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Summary. Investigated the soil, plants, food, milk, organs and tissues of dairy cows on the salt content of some heavy metals and essential elements in the region with a moderate degree of anthropogenic impact. According to the results of the data evaluated modern agro-ecological state of the system «soil-plant-animal-livestock products». Defined biological absorption of chemical elements in the parts of the system, their transition coefficients were calculated for the trophic chain of heavy metals and essential elements, and set objects with high cumulative ability to toxicants. Found that the amount of zinc, copper, lead and cadmium in the soil was below the maximum permissible concentration (MPC), the nickel content exceeded MPC by 17,0 %. In the vegetative parts of the plant an excess of these elements with respect to the maximum permissible level (MPL) was in 1,1-1,7 times. Research concentrates, hay and silage used in rations of cows showed excess toxicants in them compared to MPLs in 1,1-2,0 times. In the liver, kidney, muscle and milk cows salt content of cadmium, lead and nickel exceeded the allowable concentration of 1,1-3,9 times, and the amount of zinc and copper were below the level of hygienic standards (HS). Absorbability of salts of heavy metals from soil to plants and of plants in the body of cattle become less absorptive plants of soil heavy metals and most organs and tissues of cattle feed, which is due to chelation of inorganic chemical toxicants and their competitive relationship biologically significant essential element. Studies , the calculation of the coefficients of biological absorption of chemical elements in various parts of the system allow to predict, control and adjust the quality of the crop and livestock production in regions of anthropogenic impact.
Keywords: chemical elements, biological uptake, soil, plants, food, cow blood, milk, liver, kidney and muscle tissue.