A.A. Vasilyev1, V.S. Zybalov2
1SSI South Ural Research Institute of Horticulture and Potato
2Chelyabinsk State Academy of Agroengineering
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Summary. Currently, the average potato yield in the southern Urals does not exceed 15 t/ha. The main reason is the lack of evidence-based approach to its cultivation, especially intensive varieties. The aim of this study was to explore the possibility of obtaining programmable potato yields in the forest-steppe zone of the Southern Urals at 25-40 t/ha. As a result of research 2008-2011 gg. Found that the main elements of getting a programmable potato yields are: 1) the cultivation of locally adapted varieties, and 2) the use of balanced doses of fertilizers established settlement-balance method, on the background of spring rape on plowing green manure, and 3) the optimum planting density, and 4) the use of effective drugs for the treatment of seeds. The optimal combination of these elements provide a programmable receive food potato yield 40 t/ha varieties Gubernator, Spiridon, Tarasov and Balabai at 75h24 cm planting scheme and the highest yield of seed tubers fraction 1 ha at planting scheme 75h19 cm. The variation of productivity of potatoes in a of South Ural was defined by level of the balanced mineral nutrition (a factor contribution – 42.7-54.4%), planting density (15.5-46.6%), seed dressing (19.9 %) and a genotype (7.2-8.0%). Depending on experience, value of a variety increased in extreme conditions of 2010 when 17.0-23.4% of a variation of productivity depended on a choice of a variety.
Keywords: potatoes, green manure, mineral nutrition, planting density, seed dressing, programmable yield, seed tubers fraction collection.