V.N. Romanov, V.M. Litau
Krasnoyarsk Research Institute on Agriculture of Russian Academy of Agrarian Sciences, Russia, Krasnoyarsk 49 city, Svobodny highway, 66
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Summary. The aim of the reaserch is to increase productivity cereal and fallow crop rotation: fallow – spring wheat – oats – barley in the conditions of limited natural resources in the open part of the Krasnoyarsk forest zone. Soil – moderately ordinary black soil, with medium humus content in 0…20 cm soil layer – on average 4,2%. The average annual rainfall of about 340 mm, with an air temperature – + 0,5 ° C. In the period of sowing spring wheat (on May, 28) the amount of available moisture in 1 m soil layer is 160 mm, 0…20 cm – 30 mm. Content of nitrate nitrogen in the top soil layer – 12 ... 16 mg-kg soil. After oats cultivation moisture was at the same level as after the fallow, and nitrates content didn’t exceed 8 mg-kg soil and requested for nitrogen fertilizers application. Grain yield of spring wheat, without the use of fertilizers, is formed within 17,3 ... 25,3, oats – 19,2 ... 26,5, barley – 17,6 ... 25,0 centner-ha. Profitability level in the crop rotation with fallow was 69%. Use of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in doze of 30 ... 40 active substance-ha in years with averaged level of moisture increased the yield of all the crops: spring wheat – on 3, oats – on 5, barley – on 6 centner-ha. In the years with drought weather conditions or with an increased amount of summer precipitation falling using fertilizers was ineffective, so to increase yields other approaches are needed.
Keywords: crop rotation, weather conditions, free water, yield, nutrients, wheat, barley, oats, green manure culture, nitrate nitrogen.