Yu. A. Kuzychenko
Stavropol Research Institute on Agriculture of Russian Academy of Agrarian Sciences, Russia, Stavropol region, Mikhailovsk city, Nikonova Str., build. 49, block 1
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Summary. The studies were conducted with the aim to assess the effectiveness of implementation of various methods for basic soil cultivation using a new type of tillage tool in the cereal and tilling crop rotation technology on the dark-brown soils of the Central Pre-Caucasian Region. The originality of research is the use of a new type of boardless tool – subsoil cultivator «Londoll 1550» and disk unit «Summers 9K1827» in comparison with the classical plow PLN-8-40. It was found that in the acute drought periods nonmoldboard loosening under winter rape can serve as an alternative replacement of moldboard plowing due to the fact that the decline in yields of winter rape in an average of three years of research on the variant with nonmoldboard loosening (28,5 center-ha) compared with moldboard treatment (29,3 center-ha) is not statistically significant, the difference was 0,8 center-ha, at a sufficiently high level of profitability equal to 226%. Decline in yields on disc treatment in comparison with plowing (difference is 1,6 center-ha) is due to a bit worse agrophysical conditions following the main processing by disks, as well as increased weed infestation. The most effective method of basic treatment for the 2nd winter wheat is plowing at 20…22 cm, because the crop yield on a variant with moldboard treatment (41,7 center-ha) was higher in comparison with deep ripping and disc treatment respectively by 3,5 center-ha and 7,4 center-ha, as well as the level of profitability which was 108%. Deep autumn treatment for sunflower allowed to obtain a higher yield of products (21,1 center-ha) compared with plowing and disking (difference of respectively 0,6 and 1,6 center-ha) due to better moisture conditions in autumn under greater profitability of 137%.
Keywords: methods of the basic soil cultivation, dark-brown soils.