E.V. Mysak, O.A. Selihova, P.V. Tikhonchuk
Far East State Agrarian University, Russia, Amurskaya region, Blagoveshensk city, Politechnicheskaya Str., 86
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Summary. The results of studying present the effect of photoperiodic regime of varying lengths on sowing seed quality of soybean varieties Lydia (early variety, vegetation period – 96...104 days.) and Marinata (late-maturing variety, vegetation period – 115...120 days.) and on the main elements of their productivity. Plants of soybean cultivars grown under controlled environmental conditions at the demonstration field of the Far East State Agrarian University in 2011-2013 under natural photoperiodic regime – 16 h (control) and short day -12 h. Replication of experiment – three times, the total area of the plot – 11,2 sq. m. Germination was determined according to governmental standard 12038-84, the growth of seeds – by the method of B.S. Likhachev. Statistical data processing and correlation analysis (n = 36) were performed by B.A. Dospehov in computer processing by O.D. Sorokin. Reducing the light period significantly decreased the vegetation period in soybean varieties Marinato (18 days) due to rapid passing of phenological phases of filling beans and maturation. Conditions of the 12-hour lighting lead to a reduction in plant height, the amount of beans, seeds, and the seed weight per plant in both varieties. Weight of 1000 seeds from soybean varieties in conditions of 12-hour lighting were at 2,5 ... 4,0% higher as compared to the natural photoperiodic regime. Laboratory germination and power of growth in conditions of 12-hour lighting reduced by 4% – for varieties Lydia, 6 ... 9% – Marinata in comparison with 16-hor lighting. Seeds of variety Lydia have the higher sowing qualities in comparison with Marinata. Germination correlates positively with the amount of beans (r = 0,76) and seeds (r = 0,72), as well as to seed weight per plant (r = 0,68). The height of attachment of the lower bean has a strong negative relationship with the sowing qualities: laboratory germination (r = -0,74), power of growth (r = -0,75) and energy of germination (r = -0,77).
Keywords: soybean, photoperiod, germination, laboratory germination, power of growth, productivity elements.