N.N. Dubenok1, V.V. Borodychev2, N.V. Rakitina3, D.B Adjaev4
1All-Russian Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Melioration named after A.N. Kostyakov, Russia, Moscow city, Bolshaya Academicheskaya Str., 44
2Volgograd branch of All-Russian Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Melioration named after A.N. Koatyakov, Russia, Volgograd city, Timiryazev Str., 9, of. 36
3Volgograd State Agrarian University, Russia, Volgograd city, Universitetsky Highway, 26
4Kalmyk branch of All-Russian Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Melioration named after A.N. Koatyakov, Russia, Republic Kalmykia, Elista city, Gorodovikova squire, 1
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Summary. The article presents the results of experimental research on the development of improved technology of cultivation of sugar sorghum for green mass in the rice fields of the Republic of Kalmykia, based on the use of residual after harvesting rice stocks of soil moisture, providing formation of green mass of more than 30 t-ha. The total water use by crops of sorghum in the rice fields averaged 2 158…2 520 m3-ha and stockpiled soil moisture reimbursed 66…80% of the total water consumption. Increased evapotranspiration of crops sugar sorghum in the period of sprouts - tillering accompanied by a decrease of soil moisture availability of plants in phase the tube - the inflorescence emerge, inflorescence emerge – molochnikova ripeness. The weighted average for the period the tube – the inflorescence emerge humidity of 0,8 m horizon reduced to 75,2% of the least capacity to 62,2 % of the lesser of water capacity at width spacing of 0,6 m and dosage of mineral nutrition N80P50. In conditions of natural fertility, if the width of the row spacing of 0,6 m average daily water consumption does not exceed 29,9 m3-ha, while applying N80P50 the intensity of water consumption increased to 33,5 m3-ha. The highest crop capacity of 32,5…33,4 t-ha for green mass sorghum at the application dose of N80P50 is ensured by the formation of 1 802…2 042 thousand MDNA-ha photosynthetic capacity and net productivity of photosynthesis average 6,5… 8,1 g-sq.m per day which allow crops to accumulate on average 9,74…10,02 kg-ha of dry matter per day during the vegetation period, the duration of which was 74…81 days. Lowest yield average for the years of research on the options with natural fertility doesn’t not exceeded from 13,7 to 17,1 t/-ha. Economic profitability is to cultivate sugar sorghum for green mass in rice checks while applying of mineral fertilizers dose N80P50 and width spacing of 0,6 m. This combination of factors ensures receiving net profit of 10,4 thousand rubles-ha with a cost of production – 108,9 rubles-t and its profitability – 313,4%.
Keywords: rice paddies, crop rotation, moisture, soil, technology, sugar sorghum, mineral fertilizers, photosynthesis, green mass, productivity, cost, profitability.