R.V. Ivanov, P.F. Permyakova, A.N. Il’in
Yakut SRIA of RAAS, Yakutsk, Bestuzheva-Marlinskogo st, 23/1
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Summary. The article presents results of investigation of exchange energy inflow in horse organism with fodder in winter and spring periods in Central Yakutia. The experiments were carried out on four pregnant mares at the age of 7…8 years in two periods: from February 1 to 15 and from April 1 to 15. Hay was from the same stack, so its botanical and chemical content was relatively identical. The inflow of exchange energy was determined by computational method, based on the indices of chemical composition analysis and nutrients digestibility. Obtained results comport with conclusions of Shlygina I.N. (1973), who determined that during winter period cellulose-lytic activity of contents of gastrointestinal tract of horses increased. In our studies during winter period till the loss of fatness the animals used 31.5 MJ of exchange energy per 100 kg of live weight, which is 33 % higher than in spring. The reduction of exchange energy inflow in organisms of Yakut horses with consumption of hay of the same chemical composition under conditions of ambient temperature increase from -37 to -15 deg, probably, is caused by influence of adaptive changes in macroorganism (host) on the activity of microorganism-symbionts of gastrointestinal tract (caecum). In this case the reduction of digestibility of the main nutrients occur, which leads to decrease of consumption of dry matter of fodder and, as a result, to the reduction of exchange energy inflow.
Keywords: exchange energy, mare, hay, ambient temperature, environment, winter, spring, digestibility, nutrients, organism.