A.I. Khripunov1, L.I. Ghelnakova1, A.A. Fedotov2
1Stavropol Research Institute on Agriculture of Russian Academy of Agrarian Sciences, Russia, Stavropol region, Mikhaylovsk city, Nikonova Str., 49
2Prikumskaya experimental breeding station, Russia, Stavropol region, Budennovsk city, Vavilova Str., 4
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Summary. The aim of the research was to reveal the peculiarities of the weather changes in period of 1981-2010 to adjust the location of bare and seeded fallows as forecrop for winter wheat in different areas of the Stavropol Krai. During the investigation the results of long-term (1971-2013) experimental data from Prikumskaya experimental breeding station, and harvest data of winter wheat from the state variety testing stations in the region were used. Using the information-analytical system «Agroclimatic potential of Stavropol Krai» the dynamics of natural and climatic conditions from 1961 to 2013 was analyzed. To determine the areas of absolute efficiency for bare and seeded fallows the indicator of precipitation in the pre-sowing (July-September) and planting (September) periods, 120 mm and 34 mm respectively, was used. In the period of 2001-2010 the increase in the average annual temperature in the region is 1.4 deg that is significantly higher than the world average increase (0.56...0.92 deg) from 1906 to 2005. Climate warming is followed by an increase in annual precipitation by 66.2 mm in comparison with 1931-1960, and by 24.8 mm in comparison with 1961-1990. The provision with moisture during the spring-summer vegetation season of winter wheat (March-June) in 2001-2010 increased at 36 mm, and in September-October – at 18 mm. Areas with good and satisfactory conditions for the cultivation of winter wheat increased by 19 %, and with extremely unfavorable – decreased from 20 to 6 %. During the last 30 years (1981-2010) in arid zone of the region the productivity of winter wheat after seeded fallow was of 76…90 % from the value of this index after bare fallow; the green mass yield of sainfoin increased in 2001-2010 2 times, from 10 to 20 t/ha, in comparison with 1971-1980. This fact gives the possibility to use seeded fallows not only in areas of unstable and sufficient moisture, but also move them in those areas, where a significant increase in precipitation (62…78mm) is.
Keywords: bare fallow, seeded fallow, winter wheat, farming system, acreage, gross harvest of grain, fallow efficiency, climatic conditions, water storage.