E.V. Bogatyreva
Stavropol Research Institute on Agriculture of Russian Academy of Agrarian Sciences
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Summary. Researches were carried out in 2011-2013 under unsteady wetting conditions in Stavropol Territory in order to develop the technological methods for usage of new straw decomposing biological preparations that enhance soil fertility, improve the phytosanitary conditions of crops and increase the productivity of winter wheat under conditions of the region. The soil of the experimental plot is typical black soil, in an arable layer the content of humus is 4.45 %, total nitrogen – 0.25 %, total phosphorus – 0.12 %, рН was 7.3. The scheme of the experiment included the following variants: the control (straw without processing by biological products); N50, background; N50 + sternifag, 80 g/ha; N50 + sternifag, 160 g/ha; N50 + trikhodermin, 40 g/ha; N50 + trikhodermin, 80 g/ha. Combined application of sternifag in a dose of 160 g/ha and trikhodermin in a dose of 80 g/ha with nitrogen fertilizers promoted the increase in accumulation of organic matter in an arable layer of soil by 0.06 and 0.07 % correspondingly in comparison with nitric background. Applying of sternifag in a dose of 80 g/ha promoted increase in amount of mobile phos¬phates at 6.0 mg-kg of soil, or 23% in comparison with nitric background (N50). Application of studied biological preparations led to decrease in distribution of root infection on winter wheat. In general through the experiment the biological efficiency against fusarium root rot was 38…60 %, against spot blotch it was 45…65 %. The better effect of studied preparations was noted under favorable moistening and thermal conditions. At that the application of sternifag in a dose of 80 g/ha for repeated crops of winter wheat allowed getting increase in yield from 0.42 to 0.44 t/ha. Applying of trikhodermin in doses of 40 or 80 g/ha made it possible to obtain the productivity increase of crop on average at 0.77 t/ha.
Keywords: biological preparation, plant residues, root rot, humus, winter wheat, sternifag, straw decomposition, trichodermin.