A.S. Chekanyshkin
Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture of Central Black Earth named after V.V. Dokuchaev, quarter 5, 81, Settlement 2 sites of Institute V.V. Docuchaeva, Talovsky area, Voronezh region, 397463, Russia
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Summary. Afforestations have multifunctional effect on the environment, under their protection environmental situation normalizes and stabilizes, its stability is provided with the forest cover percent of arable land in the forest-steppe of 3.0…3.5 %, in the steppe – 3.5…4.5 %. The optimal area of fields is 60…70 hectares on upland soils and 30…40 hectares on slopes. With the current afforestation of arable land from 1.5 to 2.0 % forest plantations protect not more than 40 % of its territory. The purpose of the investigation is to evaluate the protective foresting in the Central Black Soil region. The total area of existing protective afforestaion is about 500 thousand hectares. According to their functional purpose forest shelter belts occupy 30.4 %, erosion-preventive plantings – 49.7 %, others – 19.9 %. Afforestaion areas can be divided into 4 groups by age stages and species composition. The first category is the plantations in age from 5 to 20 years, the area of which in the region is at the level of 15…17 %. The majority of forest belts from this group was created from fast-growing species: poplar, birch, bastard acacia. The second age group of forest belts (21…45 years) occupies up to 45 % of the total area, this is plantations with oak, ash, birch, pine, and elm. Forest belts of the third age group (46…60 years) constitute about 40 %. A set of tree species in them includes mainly oak, ash, elm, maple ash, with a significant involvement of bushes of yellow acacia, honeysuckle, oleaster, elder, etc. Fourth age group (older than 80 years) occupies small areas. For the approximation to the optimal ratio of afforestations and other lands, it is necessary to establish new plantings on the area of 220 thousand hectares in addition to the existing forest plantations. In existing protective forests it is necessary to carry out forest management activities on a total area of about 104 thousand hectares. The greatest volume of work associated with the implementation of cleaning cuttings – 57.4 % and sanitary felling – 28.0% of the total area.
Keywords: protective afforestation, agricultural landscapes, ecological situation, adaptive-landscape farming, forestation of arable land, optimization of nature management, forest management activities.
Author Details: A.S. Chekanyshkin, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), Senior Researcher (Е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Chekanyshkin A.S. Protective foresting in the Central Black Earth zone of Russia: problems and their solutions. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2015. T. 29. № 3 pp. 25-27 (In Russ)