N.M. Belous, V.F. Shapovalov, G.P. Malyavko, E.V. Smolsky, O.A. Merkelov
Bryansk state agricultural university, Sovetskaya Str., 2a, Kokino village, Vygonichsky area, Bryansk region, 243365, Russia
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Summary. Researches were conducted in 2011-2014 in stationary experiment in Bryansk State Agricultural University on sod-podzol sandy soils of the southwest of Central region, which were incurred radioactive pollution as a result of Chernobyl accident (1986). Perennial herbs in single-crop sowings and in mixtures were the object of the research. The efficiency of various doses and ratios of mineral fertilizers was studied (without fertilizers – the control; Р60К120; Р60К150; Р60К180; Р60К210). The following species and varieties of grasses were sown at recommended seeding rate: purple alfalfa Medicago sativa Mart. cv Sarga – 15 kg/ha; timothy grass Phleum pratense L. cv Marusinskaya 297 – 14 kg/ha; awnless brome Bromopsis inermis L. cv Marshansky 760 – 24 kg/ha, as well as grass mixtures of alfalfa with timothy and alfalfa with brome. The ratio of components in the grass mixtures was 65 % of legumes and 45 % of cereal crops. Alfalfa was harvested for hay in the phase of budding – the beginning of flowering, cereals – in the phase of leaf-tube formation – the beginning of ear formation, grass mixtures – in the phase of budding – the beginning of flowering of alfalfa. The productivity of single-crop sowing of Medicago sativa against the background of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer at the dose of P60K120 on the average for 4 years was higher than productivity of single-crop sowing of Bromopsis inermis and Phleum pretense by 44.7 and 45.8 %, correspondingly. The highest efficiency was provided by mixed crops of M. sativa with B. inermis and M. sativa with P. pretense. The maximum yield in the experiment was produced by grass mixture of M. sativa with B. inermis, it was 11.1 t/ha. The guaranteed obtaining of normative-pure forage according to the content of caesium-137 on the basis of M. sativa, B. inermis, P. pratense and their mixes was possible by application of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers at the dose of P60K210.
Keywords: perennial grasses, productivity, mineral fertilizers, quality of forages, radioactive contamination of soil, cesium-137.
Author Details: N.M. Belous, Dr. Sc. (Agr.) Prof. (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); V.F. Shapovalov, Dr. Sc. (Agr.), Prof.; G.P. Malyavko, Dr. Sc. (Agr.) Prof.; E.V. Smolsky, Cand. Sc. (Agr.) Senior Lecturer; O.A. Merkelov, Cand. for Degree.
For citation: Belous N.M., Shapovalov V.F., Malyavko G.P., Smolsky E.V., Merkelov O.A. Influence of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers on productivity and hay quality from perennial grasses under conditions of radioactive contamination. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2015. T. 29. № 3. pp. 33-35 (In Russ)