N.I. Kasatkina, J.S. Nelyubina, P.L. Churakov
Udmurt Research Institute of Agriculture, Lenin str., 1, Pervomayskiy set., Zavyalovsky area, Udmurt Republic, 427007, Russia
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Summary. The problem of protein deficiency in animal diets and improvement of protein nutrient density of prepared feeds is one of the most important tasks in agriculture. The leguminous crops have the leading position in its decision because of high content of protein with full amino acid composition, indispensable for a balanced grain feed. In this respect spring vetch Vicia sativa is a promising culture. For the successful expansion of the sown area under this crop it is important to know the level of seed and feed productivity depending on the variety peculiarities, and weather conditions of the place of cultivation. Field experiments on these questions were carried out on six cultivars of spring vetch in 2011-2014 on the experimental field of Udmurt Research Institute of Agriculture on sod-podzolic medium-loamy soil. These varieties of spring vetch were bred in Research Institute of Agriculture of Central Region of Non-black Soil Zone and All-Russia Research Institute of Legumes and Groat Crops. Agro-meteorological conditions during the research affected the variability of average yield of varieties, which was within 1.5…4.6 t/ha of dry matter and 0.6…3.0 t/ha of seeds. The most favorable conditions for the culture were in 2012 and 2014. In the limits of the species norm the varieties specifically reacted to the same factors. Their ranks in the productivity of dry weight and seed during the research years did not match. The highest yield of dry above-ground mass (3.4 t/ha) and seeds (0.4 t/ha) was observed in Nemchinovskaya yubilejnaya, which were higher than long-term average yield through all varieties on 0.3 and 0.4 t/ha, respectively. All varieties were characterized by considerable variability of yields both of dry above-ground mass (25.0…42.3 %) and seeds (33.5…70.5 %). Dry matter of spring vetch contained 17.0…18.2 % of crude protein; the concentration of available energy was 9.7…10.3 MJ. The most valuable for quality forage were varieties Nikolskaya, Nemchinovskaya yubileynaya and Belorozovaya 109. These varieties are recommended to cultivation under conditions of Udmurt Republic.
Keywords: spring vetch, variety test, seed productivity, feed efficiency, forage quality.
Author Details: N.I. Kasatkina, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), Leading Researcher; J.S. Nelyubina, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), Leading Researcher; P.L. Churakov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), Senior Researcher.
For citation: Kasatkina N.I., Nelyubina J.S., Churakov P.L. Productivity of spring vetch varieties for green mass and seeds under conditions of Udmurt republic. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2015. T. 29. №3. pp. 36-38 (In Russ)