A.A. Torop, S. A. Kuzmenko, E.A. Torop, V. V. Chaykin, I.S. Brailova
Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture of Central Black Earth named after V.V. Dokuchaev, quarter 81, 5, Settlement 2 sites of Institute V.V. Docuchaeva, Talovskiy area, Voronezh region, 397463, Russia
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Summary. To reveal the tendencies in changes of characteristics and qualities of winter rye in the process of breeding we studied 5 varieties developed during 40 years. The investigations were carried out in Voronezh region during 3 years. The experiment was established according to the scheme of latin rectangle. The preceding crop was bare fallow, the soil was typical chernozem, middle thick, middle humic. Weather conditions were different in years of investigation. Calculations and observations were carried out according to the Instruction Methods of State Crops Variety Testing. The indices characterizing the features of the productive process during the grain formation were determined by the methods introduced by the staff of RSAA. During the 40-years breeding of winter rye the substantial changes occurred. As a result of increase in the specific density of crops and the value of Kec the yield increased almost 1.5 times. The growth of variety resistance to lodging was up to 31.4%, which was due to the decrease in the plant height and increase in stem strength. It was broken the close positive link between the shoot length and its productivity; in spite of the length decrease, the relation between the productivity of the ear and its elements to the shoot length gradually increased. Leaf index slightly increased. Along with it, the share of the upper level leaves increased by 50.9 %, and chlorophyll index at milk stage changed to 33.3 %. The index of utilization of shoot mass for formation of ear productivity grew almost 1.5 times, but due to the reduction of ear provision by vegetative mass the degree of implementation of the potential of its productivity increased by 13.5 % only. Thus the winter rye breeding should be directed to the increase in vegetative part of shoots, primarily due to the leaf area enhancement.
Keywords: winter rye varieties, variety changing, cenosis, productive process, breeding efficiency.
Author Details: A.A. Torop, Dr. Sc. (Agr.), Senior Researcher (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); S.A. Kuzmenko, Post-graduate student; E.A. Torop, Dr. Sc. (Biol.), Head of Laboratory; V.V. Chaykin, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), Head of Laboratory; I.S. Brailova, Post-graduate student.
For citation: Torop A.A., Kuzmenko S.A., Torop E.A., Chaykin V.V., Brailova I.S. Change of productivity, its elements and morpho-biological сharacters of winter rye in the process of breeding. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2015. T.29. №4. pp. 20-23 (In Russ)