V.M. Kosolapov, S.V. Pilipko, S.I. Kostenko
All-Russian Research Institute of forages name Vil’yams, Nauchniy Gorodok, 1, Lobnya, Moscow region, 141055, Russia
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Summary. Investigations were carried out in 2011-2013 on the basis of the All-Russian Research Institute of Fodders n.a. V.R. Williams to develop the system of new highly productive varieties of perennial legumes and grasses for growing both under optimal and extreme conditions of different regions of Russia. The results of the studies enabled to identify promising forms, select and evaluate in breeding, control and competitive nurseries the best of them. Selected forms subsequently were used in breeding programs for the creation of promising varieties of forage crops including changeable alfalfa with yields of green mass 51…56 t/ha, dry mass 9…11 t/ha, protein yield 0.8…1.3 t/ha. Developed varieties of alfalfa distinguish by productive longevity and high winter hardiness (98 %). With the use of symbiotic technologies a new variety of alfalfa Agnes was created for hay with productivity of dry matter up to 15.6 t/ha. New varieties of perennial grasses English ryegrassVIK 22, timothy grass VIK 911 are environmentally plastic, resistant to pathogens, form the yield of dry matter more than 11 t/ha against poor soil fertility; seed productivity of ryegrass exceeds 800 kg/ha. They are able to grow for a long time at one place with minimal reduction in productivity with increasing age. Against the agricultural backgrounds with high nitrogen content their productivity increases dramatically. High-protein (18…20 %) variety of Kochia prostrata Alliance is characterized by high salinity and drought resistance, yield of dry mass under conditions of Kalmykia reached 1.6…20 t/ha, seed yield is 200 kg/ha. Two new varieties of Giant bentgrass were developed, one was for haying use and the other was for lawns and pastures. The main attention during the breeding of these varieties was given to the adaptation of these varieties to specific growing conditions. The breeding process was conducted in Moscow, Voronezh regions in Republic of Kalmykia on sod-podzol, black and chestnut soils. The environmental test of obtained samples was carried out in other regions of Russia (Arkhangelsk, Smolensk, Kirov, Rostov region, Zabaykalsky Krai).
Keywords: variety, fodder production, grasses, legumes, zoning, extreme conditions, stability.
Author Details: V.M. Kosolapov, Dr. Sc. (Agr.), Corresponding Member RAS, Director (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); S.V. Pilipko, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), Senior Researcher; S.I. Kostenko, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), Head of Department.
For citation: Kosolapov V.M., Pilipko S.V., Kostenko S.I. New varieties of fodder crops is the guarantee of successful development of fodder production (review). Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2015. T.29. №4. pp. 35-37 (In Russ)