N.G. Tuktarova
Udmurt Agricultural Research Institute, Lenina str., 1, Pervomajskij, Zavyalovsky District, Udmurt Republic, 427007, Russia
E-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.
Summary. The process of formation of winter wheat yield is considered in the article depending on climatic and agrotechnical factors. With a favorable overwintering under conditions of Republic of Udmurtia winter wheat forms grain yield at the level of 7.4 t/ha; it does not inferior to rye and even surpasses it. But herewith it is not widely spread in the republic. For twenty-year period of investigations (1995-2014) overwintering of winter wheat crops was higher than 90 % only five times. It did not depend on the quantity of accumulated sugar before winter, the date of snowmelt and beginning of growing season, but the variability of meteorological conditions had a significant influence. The same level of overwintering of plants didn’t provide equal yields. In 1997 and 2011 with the survival of plants after winter at the level of 91…92 % the grain yields of studied varieties were 7.8 and 3.63 t/ha, respectively. The precipitations during the spring and summer periods affected the productivity of plants to the utmost. High temperature at the depth of tillering node during the winter period is the main factor, which causes the sparseness and loss of winter wheat crops in Republic of Udmurtia, which leads to the injury of plants with snow mold and sclerotinia. The productivity is closely associated with agrotechnical factors. Sowing date has the greatest influence on the dynamics of plant development during the autumn period. It is possible to stabilize the value of yields in some measure by balanced mineral nutrition and chemical crop protection.
Keywords: winter wheat, meteorological conditions, overwintering, crop yield, technology of cultivation.
Author Details: N.G. Tuktarova, Cand. Sc. ( Agr.), Leading Researcher (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Tuktarova N.G. Biological basis of formation of high winter wheat yield in republic of Udmurtia. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2015. V. 29. № 5. pp. 23-25 (In Russ)