A.A. Zavalin
All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Chemistry, Pryanishnikova str., 31a, Moscow, 127550, Russia
E-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.
Summary. The application of organic fertilizers in Vladimir region from 1990 to 2012 shows that at a current state of animal husbandry it is possible to accumulate stable manure of cattle up to 1.1 million tons, manure of pigs and sheep – 0.3 million tons, that is obviously insufficient. It is hardly possible to count on usage of straw as a fertilizer and green manuring with an actual mineral fertilizer application at the level of 40 kg/ha of active ingredient. One of local resources for an increase in use of organic fertilizers is peat. Use of compost from highbog peat after its use as a laying in poultry farming for barley (70 t/ha) increases productivity of grain on 18.7 centners, for winter wheat (50 t/ha) – on 10.9 centners. In the control variant these values are 25.1 and 25.7 centner/ha, correspondingly. Chicken manure with the peat laying (20 t/ha) is more effective than the same fertilizer with sawdust laying: increases in potato tuber yields was 46 and 42 centner/ha, respectively (without application of fertilizers it was 125 centner/ha). Bedding management with obtaining of peat manure is profitable for farms which are settling down within 12…15 km from peat companies. Stillage sediment (SS) is another nontraditional fertilizer. The mixtures of SS with valley peat operating up to three years are most rational. For 24 years of the experiment on gray forest and sod-podzol soils the productivity without fertilizers was 14.8 centner/ha of grain units; with SS application it was 20.4 centner/ha; SS with valley peat (1 : 1) – 24.0 centner/ha; SS with sawdust (0.5 : 1) – 18.9 centner/ha. Pure peat introduction is not economically value-added. On average for 3 years it increases the yield by 3.8 centner/ha of grain unit only with application at the dose of 60 t/ha. Manure and peat-manure compost in the same dose provide reliable increases on 11.2 and 18.5 centner/ha of grain units, liquid manure – by 9.7 centner/ha of grain units.
Keywords: fertilizers, biological preparations, biological nitrogen, productivity, nitrogen utilization, fertilizer recoupment.
Author Details: A.A. Zavalin, Corresponding Member, Head of Laboratory (e-mail:Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Zavalin A.A. Optimization of mineral nutrition and plant productivity with application of biological preparations and fertilizers. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2015. V.29. №5. pp. 26-28 (In Russ)