E.P. Kondratenko, O.V. Konstantinova, O.M. Soboleva, E. A. Izhmulkina, N.V. Verbitskaya
Kemerovo State Agricultural Institute, Markovtseva str., 5, Kemerovo, 650056, Russia
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Summary. The data on the composition and amount of macronutrients (Ca, P, K, Na, Mg) and trace elements (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn) in ash of grain varieties of winter wheat, winter rye and winter triticale depending on the biological features of variety and the kind of culture are presented in this paper. The analysis of the grain quality was held in the laboratory of biochemistry by conventional methods of research. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the grain was examined. The results of the analysis indicated that the dominant minerals were phosphorus macro element and iron trace element. If the content of these elements varies quite significantly in one kind of winter grain cereals, the grain of another variety is relatively small. The ash content in the wheat grain is 1.69% on average with a range from 1.67 to 1.73%. The ash content in the grain rye is 1.58% with a range from 1.38 to 1.69% and ash content in triticale is 1.77% (1.50-2.03%). The intergeneric variability in the accumulation of crude ash in grain winter crops is determined. Significant differences in the levels of macro- and microelements in grain samples of winter cereals are revealed. The content of the same element in wheat, rye and triticale depending on the biological features of the variety and type of culture varies unequally. The maximum content of phosphorus was found in the triticale grain. This culture is characterized by a large accumulation of macronutrients such as magnesium and iron. Winter rye grain accumulates more potassium than wheat and triticale by 4.13% and 20.86% respectively. Accumulation of copper in triticale and rye grain is more than in wheat. The copper content of different varieties of wheat grain ranges from 2.3 mg / kg to 3.5 mg / kg, in rye from 2.5 mg / kg to 4.0 mg / kg, in winter triticale from 3.7 mg / kg to 4.5 mg / kg. The accumulation of macronutrients in rye variety Petrovna 1 of Russian selection is less by 23% and 17% than the varieties and hybrids of foreign selection such as Zoo Drive and Heltop (F1) have respectively. It should be noted that only 50% of all mineral elements of triticale of variety Omsk belongs to the group of micro and macronutrients we studied. The content of microelements in the grain of winter crops is also subject to variability. Fluctuations of trace elements in cereals have the same tendency as in the macronutrients. The total ash content in all studied winter wheat varieties is roughly equal, while it was recorded varietal variability for rye and triticale. The share of two elements such as phosphorus and potassium is more than half of the total amount of ash. The studied macronutrients according to the content in the samples of grain winter crops can be positioned as P> K> Ca> Mg> Na and trace elements as Fe> Zn> Mn> Cu.
Keywords: grain, variety, winter wheat, winter rye, winter triticale, ash, macronutrients, micronutrients.
Author Details: E.P. Kondratenko, Dr. Sci (Agr.), Prof. (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); O.V. Konstantinova, Post-graduate student; O.M. Soboleva, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), Assoc. Prof.; E.A. Izhmulkina, Cand. Sc. (Ес.), Assoc. Prof.; N.V. Verbitskaya, Post-graduate student.
For citation: Kondratenko E.P., Konstantinova O.V., Soboleva O.M., Izhmulkina E.A., Verbitskaya N.V. Level evalution of macro- and micronutrients accumulation by grane of winter crops grown in the southeast of westen Siberia // Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2015. V. 29. № 6. pp. 18-20 (In Russ)