V.V. Syukov, N.V. Gulayeva
Samara Research Scientific Institute of Agriculture, K. Marx-Street, 41, Bezenchuk, Samara region, 446254, Russia
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Summary. The article describes the theoretical basis for the formation of diversified systems of varieties for adaptive crop production. In 2009-2014 under conditions of arid steppe of the Middle Volga region the ecological test of 10 varieties of spring soft wheat, recommended for cultivation in this region, was carried out. The soil of test plot was ordinary black soil middle loamy, transitional to the south one; content of humus was 3.9%, mobile phosphates–175 mg/kg, exchange potassium–180 mg/kg of soil; pH was 6.8-7.0. Years of the investigation varied in the complex of natural factors and formed a natural ecological gradient. Yield variation between varieties and years was from 0.39 to 2.87 t/ha. The weather was the most arid in 2010 (the average yield was 0.57 t/ha), and it was the most favorable according to hydrothermal indicators in 2011 and 2014 (2.51 t/ha and 2.19 t/ha, correspondingly). On the basis of the analysis of yield with the method of multidimensional scaling (bi-plot analysis) it is presented the dissimilitude of genotype responses to changes of environmental factors and conducted the diversification of test varieties according to the specificity of the response "genotype-environment". As a result of investigations we formed three clusters of varieties: varieties of steppe type for the south of Samara region (Tulajkovskaya stepnaya, Tulajkovskaya zolotistaya), varieties of semi-intensive type for the north of the region (Kinelskaya Niva, Yugovostochnaya 2, Tulajkovskaya 108, Tulajkovskaya 110), varieties of semi-intensive type for the central zone (Tulajkovskaya 5, Tulajkovskaya 10, Tulajkovskaya 100, Volgouralskaya).
Keywords: spring wheat, breeding, genetics, varieties, interaction "genotype-environment", principal components method.
Author Details: V.V. Syukov, Dr. Sc. (Biol.), Senior Researcher (е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.), N.V. Gulayeva, Researcher.
For citation: Syukov V.V., Gulayeva N.V. Diversified system of varieties of spring wheat for creation of highly productive agro-ecosystems with different levels of intensification. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2015. V. 29. № 8. pp. 55-57 (In Russ)