CONCEPT OF DEVELOPMENT OF TILLAGE MACHINES AND METHOD OF COST REDUCTION FOR DEEP TILLAGE

V.V. Alt¹, S.G. Shchukin², V.A. Valkov¹, M.A. Nagayka^2
1Siberian Physico-Technical Institute of Agricultural Problems, pos. Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsky r-n, Novosibirskaya obl., 630501, Russia
²Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, Dobrolyubova ul., 160, Novosibirsk, 630039, Russia

E-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.

Summary. The efficiency of crop production in many respects is stipulated by used technologies and suitable technical means. Therefore, when you change production technologies, the task of the optimal acquisition of fleet and rational use of the technical capabilities of the machines is appeared. In order to solve this problem today it is necessary the systematization of technical means and of machine use in agriculture. As the basis of this systematization the paradigm will be assumed founded upon the correspondence principle of the technical equipment of fleet by current or perspective generations of production technologies with the specific qualitative characteristics. Using this method, we identified three generations of technologies according to productivity of cultivated varieties, hybrids and genetically modified crops, coincident with three generations of tillage machines. The first one is one-operating machines, which cultivate the soil on depth not more than 27cm. Tillage machines of second generation are combined, modular, multi-functional, etc. In a single pass they process the soil at the depth similar to the first generation machines. Tillage machines of the third generation usually are used in technologies Clearfield and Monsanto. The main distinctive features of them, as we suppose, are not the absence of mechanical processing of soil, but use of high-yielding hybrids or genetically modified plants, sustaining application of nonselective herbicides and deep (up to 45-60 cm) soil cultivation. The development of Russia-produced tillage machines for deep tillage is at initial stage. Such investigations are carried out in Novosibirsk State Agrarian University in collaboration with Siberian Physico-Technical Institute. An experimental sample of vibratory subsoil cultivator GS-1.8 was developed, which enables to increase the crumbling degree of cultivated soil up to the depth of 45 cm with reducing of draught resistance from 28.5 kN to 24.4 kN (by 14.38%). The use of machines of the third generation with constructional and technological scheme, worked through on the test sample GV-1.8, in technological process of deep soil cultivation will make it possible to fully satisfy agro-technological requirements of technology and increase its efficiency.

Keywords: agricultural production, system of machines, tillage machines, soil treatment, subsoil cultivators, generation of machines.

Author Details: V.V. Alt, corresponding member of RAS, director; S.G. Shchukin, Cand. Sc. (Tech.), head of department; V.A. Valkov, senior research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); M.A. Nagayka, senior lecturer.

For citation: Alt V.V., Shchukin S.G., Valkov V.A., Nagayka M.A. Concept of development of tillage machines and method of cost reduction for deep tillage. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2015. V.29. No9. pp. 68-71 (In Russ)