I.I. Dmitrevskaya, D.S. Stepanova, S.L. Belopukhov, V.A. Raskatov
Russian State Agrarian University – Timiryazev Moscow Agricaltural Academy, ul. Timirjazevskaya, 49, Moskva, 127550, Russian Federation
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Summary. Under conditions of the long-term stationary experiment of RSAU-TMAA in 2012-2014 the investigations were carried out to study the influence of long-term application of mineral and organic fertilizers on productivity of fiber flax, as well as to determine physical and mechanical characteristics and structure of fiber by the method of scanning electronic microscopy. The soil of the plot is sod-podzol with middle-loamy granulometric texture. The object of the investigation is fiber flax variety “Voskhod”. The greatest productivity of fiber straw (6.55 t/ha), fiber (1.89 t/ha, including long one–1.46 t/ha) and seeds (0.83 t/ha) was obtained on the plots with application of the full complex of mineral fertilizers at the dose of N100P150K120 together with manure at the dose of 20 t/ha. In the variant with same dose of mineral fertilizers without manure it was less by 0.53, 0.13 and 0.04 t/ha, correspondingly. The fiber obtained from the flax plant, grown in the variant with the full complex of mineral and organic fertilizers, had high rates of physical and mechanical characteristics: flexibility 63.8 mm, breaking load of long fiber 17.4 daN, breaking load short fiber of different numbers 15.1-17.8 daN. The internal structure of cell walls of the long fibers is distinguished by lamination and ordered arrangement of microfibrils inside the elementary fibrils. Microfibrils of fibrils of short fibers have thicker and ligneous walls; there are kinks, bends and breaks. Their elementary fibrils do not form ordered structures of microfibrils bundles as in long fibers. The study of the structural components of the long and short flax fiber enables to predict their properties, to determine the fiber composition for the subsequent release of linen, to work out the right approach to the construction of the technological scheme of the process for obtaining the final product.
Keywords: fiber flax, flax straw, flax fiber, seeds, electronic microscopy.
Author Details: I.I. Dmitrevskaya, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), assoc. prof. (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); D.S. Stepanova, post-graduate student; S.L. Belopukhov, D. Sc. (Agr.), prof.; V.A. Raskatov, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), assoc. prof.
For citation: Dmitrevskaya I.I., Stepanova D.S., Belopukhov S.L. , Raskatov V.A. Influence of Long-Term Application of Fertilizers on Productivity of Fiber Flax and Fiber Quality. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2015. V. 29. № 10. pp. 50-52 (In Russ)