V.G. Zakharov, O.D. Yakovleva
Ulyanovsk Research Institute of Agriculture, ul. Institutskaya, 19, pos. Timiryazevsky, Ulyanovskaya obl., 433315, Russian Federation
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Summary. The studies on the evaluation of the role of the variety and cultivar changing in an increase in the productivity, on dynamics of changing of the elements of its structure during breeding processes were carried out on the model set from 12 varieties of spring winter wheat, which present the cultivar changing in Ulyanovsk region. The investigations were carried out on the fields of Ulyanovsk Agricultural Research Institute in 2006-2012. Meteorological conditions during the experiment were different. The preceding crop was green manure fallow. The soil is weakly leached, heavy loam black soil with the humus content of 5.2%. Establishment of the experiments, observations and surveys were carried out according to the «Methodology of State Variety Test of Crops». Currently, in Ulyanovsk region it is specified 6 periods of cultivar changing, taking into account the morphological types of varieties, source material for their creation, duration of cultivation in the production. Breeding, directed to the increase in productivity, enabled to ensure the additional yield of 1.13 t/ha per every stage of the cultivar changing during the 68-year period. The growth of the yield in every new period of the cultivar changing was accompanied by changes in the elements of the yield structure. The length of the ear increased by 0.39 cm, weight of the ear–by 0.125 g, the number of spikelets per a spike–by 0.52 pcs., the number of grains per an ear–by 1.1 pcs., the weight of grain from the main shoot–by 0.08 g, weight of 1000 grains–by 1.36. It was revealed a high correlation between the yield and ear length (0.83), ear weight (0.86), number of spikelets per a spike (0.80), number of grains per an ear (0.80), the mass of the main stem (0.79), the mass of grains from the main shoot (0.83), thousand grain weight (0.70). The varieties related to the last period of cultivar changing distinguished by the optimal combination of the elements of the yield structure.
Keywords: spring wheat, productivity, variety, elements of yield structure, thousand grain weight, cultivar changing.
Author Details: V.G. Zakharov, D. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); O.D. Yakovleva, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow.
For citation: Zakharov V.G., Yakovleva O.D. Change of Productivity and Elements of Its Structure in Spring Wheat Varieties of Different Periods of Cultivar Changing. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2015. V. 29. No 10. pp. 53-57 (in Russ.)